fbpx

Scroll down for references for this edition

PASSWORD:  Diabetes Management Journal is a medical journal exclusively for healthcare professionals. Apply for access here:

Image

Diabetes Management Journal May 2023 References

NEWS & VIEWS REFERENCES

How does coffee consumption reduce the risk of T2D?

  1. Carlström M, Larsson SC. Coffee consumption and reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Nutr Rev. 2018 Jun 1;76(6):395-417. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy014. PMID: 29590460.
  2. Ochoa-Rosales C, van der Schaft N, Braun KVE, et al. C-reactive protein partially mediates the inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: the UK Biobank and the Rotterdam Study cohorts. Clin Nutr 2023 May; 42 (5): 661-669 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.02.024

GDM and the gut microbiome

  1. Qin J, Li Y, Cai Z, Li S, Zhu J, Zhang F, et al. A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2012 Sep 26;490(7418):55–60
  2. Crusell MKW, Hansen TH, Nielsen T, Allin KH, Rühlemann MC, Damm P, et al. Gestational diabetes is associated with change in the gut microbiota composition in third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum. Microbiome. 2018 May 15;6(1).
  3. Pinto Y, Frishman S, Turjeman S, Eshel A, Nuriel-Ohayon M, Shrossel O, et al. Gestational diabetes is driven by microbiota-induced inflammation months before diagnosis. Gut. 2023 Jan 10;72(5):918–28

 Sex differences and T2D

  1. Kautzky-Willer, A., Leutner, M. & Harreiter, J. Sex differences in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05891-x
  2. Deischinger C, Dervic E, Leutner M et al (2020) Diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk for major depressive disorder in women than in men. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 8(1)
  3. Manteuffel M, Williams S, Chen W, Verbrugge RR, Pittman DG, Steinkellner A (2014) Influence of patient sex and gender on medication use, adherence, and prescribing alignment with guidelines. J Women’s Health (Larchmt) 23(2):112–119. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2012.3972
  4. The Sex and Gender Sensitive Research Call to Action Group. Med J Aust 2020; 212 (2): 57-62.e1. || doi: 10.5694/mja2.50426
  5. Wilson, L.A.B., Zajitschek, S.R.K., Lagisz, M. et al. Sex differences in allometry for phenotypic traits in mice indicate that females are not scaled males. Nat Commun 13, 7502 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35266-6
  6. Davey, Melissa. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/dec/18/the-four-priorities-for-tackling-medical-misogyny-in-australia
  7. Greenhalg, Ally. Medicine and Misogyny: The Misdiagnosis of Women. Accessed 7/4/2023: https://confluence.gallatin.nyu.edu/sections/research/medicine-and-misogyny-the-misdiagnosis-of-women
  8. https://www.racgp.org.au/clinical-resources/clinical-guidelines/key-racgp-guidelines/view-all-racgp-guidelines/national-guide/introduction

Sleep duration and timing linked to insulin resistance in late adolescence

  1. Kelsey MM, Zeitler PS. Insulin resistance of puberty. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16:64. doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0751-5
  2. Kähönen E, Aatola H, Lehtimäki T, Haarala A, Sipilä K, Juonala M, et al. Influence of early life risk factors and lifestyle on systemic vascular resistance in later adulthood: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. Blood Pressure. 2021 Oct 4;30(6):367–75.
  3. Jansen, EC, Burgess, HJ, Chervin, RD, et al. Sleep duration and timing are prospectively linked with insulin resistance during late adolescence. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2023; 31( 4): 912- 922. doi:10.1002/oby.23680

 Verapamil may preserve pancreatic β-cell function in Paediatric T1D

  1. Forlenza GP, McVean J, Beck RW, et al. Effect of Verapamil on Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023;329(12):990–999. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.2064
  2. Teplizumab (Tzield): A new drug to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes is approved in the US. Diabetes Australia 6 February 2023 https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/blog/tzield-teplizumab/

FEATURE REFERENCES

p10-15 Supporting Sustainable Weight Loss

  1. https://www.tga.gov.au/safety/shortages/information-about-specific-shortages/about-ozempic-semaglutide-shortage-2022-and-2023
  2. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jan/06/tga-investigates-influencers-after-diabetes-drug-ozempic-promoted-as-weight-loss-treatment
  3. American Diabetes Association. Obesity management for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1 January 2016. 39 (Supplement 1 S47-51)
  4. Befort CA, Greiner KA, Hall S, Pulvers KM, Nollen NL, Charbonneau A, et al. Weight-related perceptions among patients and physicians. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2006;21(10):1086–90.
  5. Foster GD, Brewer G, Vogt RA, Wadden TA. What is a reasonable weight loss? Patientsʼ expectations and evaluations of obesity treatment outcomes. The Endocrinologist. 1998;8(1):49.
  6. Kong F, Zhang Y, You Z, Fan C, Tian Y, Zhou Z. Body dissatisfaction and restrained eating: Mediating effects of self-esteem. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. 2013;41(7):1165–70.
  7. Vartanian LR, Novak SA. Internalized societal attitudes moderate the impact of weight stigma on avoidance of exercise. Obesity. 2011;19(4):757–62.
  8. Byrne S, Cooper Z, Fairburn C. Weight maintenance and relapse in obesity: A qualitative study. International Journal of Obesity. 2003;27(8):955–62.
  9. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, Davies M, Van Gaal LF, Lingvay I, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. The New England Journal of Medicine [Internet]. 2021 Feb 10;384(11). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33567185/
  10. Saris, H. M. (2001). Very low calorie diets and sustained weight loss. Obesity Research, 9(29), 295-301.
  11. Konttinen H, Peltonen M, Sjöström L, Carlsson L, Karlsson J. Psychological aspects of eating behavior as predictors of 10-y weight changes after surgical and conventional treatment of severe obesity: Results from the Swedish obese subjects intervention study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2015Nov12;101(1):16–24.
  12. Chaston TB, Dixon JB, O'Brien ,P.E. Changes in fat-free mass during significant weight loss: a systematic review. Int J Obes 2007 05;31(5):743-50.
  13. Ida S, Kaneko R, Imataka K, Okubo K, Shirakura Y, Azuma K, et al. Effects of antidiabetic drugs on muscle mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current Diabetes Reviews. 2021;17(3):293–303.
  14. Shapses SA, Riedt CS. Bone, body weight, and weight reduction: What are the concerns? The Journal of Nutrition. 2006;136(6):1453–6.
  15. Volpe S, Lisco G, Racaniello D, Fanelli M, Colaianni V, Vozza A, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide induces an early improvement in body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 26-week prospective real-life study. Nutrients. 2022;14(12):2414.
  16. Ozeki Y, Masaki T, Kamata A, Miyamoto S, Yoshida Y, Okamoto M, et al. The effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide on body composition in elderly obese diabetic patients: A pilot study. Medicines. 2022;9(9):47.
  17. Wilding JP, Batterham RL, Calanna S, Van Gaal LF, McGowan BM, Rosenstock J, et al. Impact of semaglutide on body composition in adults with overweight or obesity: Exploratory analysis of the step 1 study. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 2021May3;5
  18. Xiao Y, Sun L. Semaglutide in weight management. The Lancet. 2019Oct5;394(10205):1226.
  19. Kelley DE, Kuller LH, McKolanis TM, Harper P, Mancino J, Kalhan S. Effects of moderate weight loss and orlistat on insulin resistance, regional adiposity, and fatty acids in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(1):33–40.
  20. Smith SR, Fujioka K, Gupta AK, Billes SK, Burns C, Kim D, et al. Combination therapy with naltrexone and bupropion for obesity reduces total and visceral adiposity. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2013;15(9):863–6.
  21. Bays H. Phentermine, topiramate and their combination for the treatment of adiposopathy (‘sick fat’) and metabolic disease. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 2010;8(12):1777–801.
  22. Roth A, Sattelmayer M, Schorderet C, Gafner S, Allet L. Effects of exercise training and dietary supplement on Fat Free Mass and bone mass density during weight loss – a systematic review and meta-analysis. F1000Research. 2022;11:8.
  23. The Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/sb/behavioralchangetheories/behavioralchangetheories6.html
  24. Cochrane AJ, Dick B, King NA, Hills AP, Kavanagh DJ. Developing dimensions for a multicomponent multidisciplinary approach to obesity management: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2017Oct16;17(1):814.
  25. Delahanty LM. Nutritional considerations in type 2 diabetes mellitus [Internet]. Nathan DM, Rubinow K, editors. UpToDate. [cited 2023Apr10]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nutritional-considerations-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus#
  26. Riddell MC. Exercise guidance in adults with diabetes mellitus [Internet]. Hirsch IB, Rubinow K, editors. UpToDate: Exercise guidance in adults with diabetes mellitus. [cited 2023Apr10]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/effects-of-exercise-in-adults-with-diabetes-mellitus
  27. Jeffery, R. W., Drewnowski, A., Epstein, L. H., Stunkard, A. J., Wilson, G. T., Wing, R. R., & Hill, D. R. (2000). Long-term maintenance of weight loss: current status. Health Psychology, 19 (1S), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.19.suppl1.5
  28. Mensinger JL, Calogero RM, Stranges S, Tylka TL. A weight-neutral versus weight-loss approach for health promotion in women with high BMI: A randomized-controlled trial. Appetite. 2016;105:364–74. Shaw KA, O'Rourke P, Del Mar C, Kenardy J. Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005;(2).
  29. Canetti, L, Berry, E. M., & Elizur, Y (2009) Psychosocial predictors of weight loss and psychological adjustment following bariatric surgery and a weight loss program: The mediating effect of emotional eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 42(2), 109-117.
  30. Stapleton P, Lilley-Hale E, Mackintosh G, Sparenburg E. Online Delivery of Emotional Freedom Techniques for Food Cravings and Weight Management: 2-Year Follow-Up. J Altern Complement Med. 2020 Feb;26(2):98-106. doi: 10.1089/acm.2019.0309. Epub 2019 Nov 25. PMID: 31765223.
  31. Ashman F, Sturgiss E, Haesler E. Exploring self-efficacy in Australian General Practitioners Managing patient obesity: A qualitative survey study. International Journal of Family Medicine. 2016;2016:1–8.
  32. Kraschnewski JL, Sciamanna CN, Stuckey HL, Chuang CH, Lehman EB, Hwang KO, et al. A silent response to the obesity epidemic. Medical Care. 2013;51(2):186–92.
  33. Bocquier A, Verger P, Basdevant A, Andreotti G, Baretge J, Villani P, et al. Overweight and obesity: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of General Practitioners in France. Obesity Research. 2005;13(4):787–95.

p16-20 Insulin delivery systems – the technology advances

  1. Australian National Diabetes Audit (ANDA). Australian Quality Clinical Audit 2021 Annual Report. Department of Health, Australian Government; 2021.
  2. Pease AJ, Andrikopoulos S, Abraham MB, Craig ME, Fenton B, Overland J, et al. Utilisation, access and recommendations regarding technologies for people living with type 1 diabetes: consensus statement of the ADS/ADEA/APEG/ADIPS Working Group. Medical Journal of Australia. 2021;215(10):473-8.
  3. Fuchs J, Hovorka R. Closed-loop control in insulin pumps for type-1 diabetes mellitus: safety and efficacy. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2020;17(7):707-20.
  4. Bekiari E, Kitsios K, Thabit H, Tauschmann M, Athanasiadou E, Karagiannis T, et al. Artificial pancreas treatment for outpatients with type 1 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2018;361:k1310-k.
  5. Weisman A, Bai JW, Cardinez M, Kramer CK, Perkins BA. Effect of artificial pancreas systems on glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outpatient randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(7):501-12.
  6. Karageorgiou V, Papaioannou TG, Bellos I, Alexandraki K, Tentolouris N, Stefanadis C, et al. Effectiveness of artificial pancreas in the non-adult population: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2019;90:20-30.
  7. Living Evidence for Diabetes Consortium. Australian Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for Diabetes 2022 [updated 27/04/2022. v1.3:[Available from: https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/E5AbPE.
  8. Medtronic Australasia Pty Ltd. Medtronic Insulin Pump Order Form 2022 [Available from: https://hcp.medtronic-diabetes.com.au/resources/minimed-780g/forms.
  9. AMSL Diabetes. Tandem Insulin Pump Order Form 2022 [
  10. Ypsomed Australia Pty Ltd. YpsoPump Contract; Patient Initiation Form - mylife YpsoPump. 2022.
  11. National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS). Access CGM and Flash GM 2023 [Available from: https://www.ndss.com.au/about-the-ndss/cgm-access/.
  12. Carlson AL, Sher JL, Shulman DI, Garg SK, Pop-Busui R, Bode BW, et al. Safety and Glycemic Outcomes During the MiniMed™ Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System Pivotal Trial in Adolescents and Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24(3):178-89.
  13. Arrieta A, Battelino T, Scaramuzza AE, Da Silva J, Castañeda J, Cordero TL, et al. Comparison of MiniMed 780G system performance in users aged younger and older than 15 years: Evidence from 12 870 real‐world users. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(7):1370-9.
  14. Breton MD, Kovatchev BP. One Year Real-World Use of the Control-IQ Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Technology. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2021;23(9):61-608.
  15. Brown SA, Kovatchev BP, Raghinaru D, Lum JW, Buckingham BA, Kudva YC, et al. Six-Month Randomized, Multicenter Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(18):1707-17.
  16. myLife Diabetescare. myLife Stories, Stories and insights from the world of Ypsomed 2021 [6/11/2022]. Available from: https://www.mylife-diabetescare.com/en-AU/community/mylife-stories/mylife-stories-detail/advancing-smartphone-based-adaptive-automated-insulin-delivery-aid-copy-610.html.
  17. Ware J, Allen JM, Boughton CK, Wilinska ME, Hartnell S, Thankamony A, et al. Randomized Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Very Young Children with Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(3):209-19.
  18. Fuchs J, Boughton CK, Allen JM, Wilinska ME, Tauschmann M, Denvir L, et al. 214-OR: Cambridge Hybrid Closed-Loop in Children and Adolescents with T1D: A Multicentre Six-Month Randomised Trial. Diabetes (New York, NY). 2021;70(Supplement_1).
  19. Stewart ZA, Wilinska ME, Hartnell S, Temple RC, Rayman G, Stanley KP, et al. Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery during Pregnancy in Women with Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(7):644-54.
  20. Lewis DM, Hussain S. Practical Guidance on Open Source and Commercial Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals Supporting People with Insulin-Requiring Diabetes. Diabetes therapy. 2022;13(9):1683-99.

p23-25 The impact of steroids on blood glucose control

  1. Ramamoorthy S, Cidlowski JA. Corticosteroids: Mechanisms of Action in Health and Disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2016;42(1):15-31, vii.
  2. Liu D, Ahmet A, Ward L, Krishnamoorthy P, Mandelcorn ED, Leigh R, et al. A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2013;9(1):30.
  3. Roberts A, James J, Dhatariya K. Management of hyperglycaemia and steroid (glucocorticoid) therapy: a guideline from the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care group. Diabet Med. 2018;35(8):1011-7.
  4. Bornstein SR, Allolio B, Arlt W, Barthel A, Don-Wauchope A, Hammer GD, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(2):364-89.
  5. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43(9):1905-15.
  6. McGoldrick E, Stewart F, Parker R, Dalziel SR. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;12(12):Cd004454.
  7. Dexamethasone versus standard treatment for postoperative nausea and vomiting in gastrointestinal surgery: randomised controlled trial (DREAMS Trial). BMJ. 2017;357:j1455.
  8. Toogood JH, Baskerville J, Jennings B, Lefcoe NM, Johansson SA. Bioequivalent doses of budesonide and prednisone in moderate and severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989;84(5 Pt 1):688-700.
  9. Asare K. Diagnosis and treatment of adrenal insufficiency in the critically ill patient. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27(11):1512-28.
  10. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/major-side-effects-of-inhaled-glucocorticoids?search=inhaled%20corticosteroids%20adult&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~145&usage_type=default&display_rank=1
  11. Hwang JL, Weiss RE. Steroid-induced diabetes: a clinical and molecular approach to understanding and treatment. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 2014;30(2):96-
  12. Radhakutty A, Burt MG. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Critical review of the evidence underlying management of glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycaemia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018;179(4):R207-r18.
  13. Shah P, Kalra S, Yadav Y, Deka N, Lathia T, Jacob JJ, et al. Management of Glucocorticoid-Induced Hyperglycemia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2022;15:1577-88.
  14. Hwang JL, Weiss RE. Steroid-induced diabetes: a clinical and molecular approach to understanding and treatment. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014;30(2):96-102.
  15. Radhakutty A, Stranks JL, Mangelsdorf BL, Drake SM, Roberts GW, Zimmermann AT, et al. Treatment of prednisolone-induced hyperglycaemia in hospitalized patients: Insights from a randomized, controlled study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(4):571-8.
  16. American Diabetes Association; 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care 1 January 2021; 44 (Supplement_1): S15–S33. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S002
  17. Dhital SM, Shenker Y, Meredith M, Davis DB. A retrospective study comparing neutral protamine hagedorn insulin with glargine as basal therapy in prednisone-associated diabetes mellitus in hospitalized patients. Endocr Pract. 2012;18(5):712-9.
  18. Agudo-Tabuenca A, Gimeno-Orna JA, Sáenz-Abad D. Assessment of the efficacy and safety of a protocol to manage glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia in diabetic patients during hospital stay. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed). 2019;66(6):353-60.
  19. Ruiz de Adana MS, Colomo N, Maldonado-Araque C, Fontalba MI, Linares F, García-Torres F, et al. Randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine vs. NPH insulin as basal insulin for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia using continuous glucose monitoring in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes and respiratory disease. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2015;110(2):158-65.
  20. Tamez-Pérez HE, Quintanilla-Flores DL, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez R, González-González JG, Tamez-Peña AL. Steroid hyperglycemia: Prevalence, early detection and therapeutic recommendations: A narrative review. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(8):1073-81.
  21. Oyer DS, Shah A, Bettenhausen S. How to manage steroid diabetes in the patient with cancer. Journal of Supportive Oncology 2006;4(9):479-83. 26.
  22. Seelig E, Meyer S, Timper K, Nigro N, Bally M, Pernicova I, et al. Metformin prevents metabolic side effects during systemic glucocorticoid treatment. European Journal of Endocrinology 2017;176(3):349-58.
  23. Gerards MC, Venema GE, Patberg KW, Kross M, Potter van Loon BJ, Hageman IMG, et al. Dapagliflozin for prednisone-induced hyperglycaemia in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 2018;20(5):1306-10. 28. 2
  24. van Raalte DH, van Genugten RE, Linssen MM, Ouwens DM, Diamant M. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment prevents glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance and islet-cell dysfunction in humans. Diabetes Care 2011;34(2):412-7. 29.
  25. Uchinuma H, Ichijo M, Harima N, Tsuchiya K. Dulaglutide improves glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia in inpatient care and reduces dose and injection frequency of insulin. Biomed Central Endocrine Disorders 2020;20(1):58. 30.
  26. Umpierrez GE, Gianchandani R, Smiley D, Jacobs S, Wesorick DH, Newton C, et al. Safety and efficacy of sitagliptin therapy for the inpatient management of general medicine and surgery patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot, randomized, controlled study. Diabetes Care 2013;36(11):3430-5. 31.
  27. El Ghandour S, Azar S. Incretin-based therapy in the management of steroid-induced diabetes mellitus. Current Diabetes Review 2014;10(6):360-3.

p26 – 28 COVID-19 and hyperglycaemia: a bidirectional relationship

  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics. COVID-19 Mortality in Australia: Deaths registered until 31 January 2023 [Internet]. Australia: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2023. Available from: https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/covid-19-mortality-australia-deaths-registered-until-31-january-2023
  2. Accili D. Can COVID-19 cause diabetes? Nat Metab 2021; 3(2): 123-125.
  3. Das L, Bhadada SK. COVID-19-associated new-onset hyperglycaemia: a reversible entity or persistent risk? Postgrad Med J 2022; 98(e2): e125-6.
  4. Atkinson MA, Powers AC. Distinguishing the real from the hyperglycaemia: does COVID-19 induce diabetes? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9(6): 328-9.
  5. Mine K, Nagafuchi S, Mori H, Takahashi H, Anzai K. SARS-CoV-2 infection and pancreatic β cell failure. Biology 2022; 11(1): 22.
  6. Kendall EK, Olaker VR, Kaelber DC, Xu R, Davis PB. Association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with new-onset type 1 diabetes among pediatric patients from 2020 to 2021. JAMA Netw 2022; 5(9): e2233014-.
  7. Gulseth HL, Ruiz PL, Stordal K, Karlstad O, Gunnes N, Lund-Blix NA et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent risk of type 1 diabetes in 1.2 million children. Diabetologia 2022; 65(1): S123-S123.
  8. Banerjee M, Pal R, Dutta S. Risk of incident diabetes post-COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16(4): 591-593.
  9. Zhu L, She ZG, Cheng X, Qin JJ, Zhang, XJ, Cai J, et al. Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes. Cell Metab 2020; 31(6): 1068-1077.
  10. Wu L, Girgis CM, Cheung NW. COVID‐19 and diabetes: insulin requirements parallel illness severity in critically unwell patients. Clin Endocrinol 2020; 93(4): 390-393.
  11. Kyi M, Colman PG, Wraight PR, Reid J, Gorelik A, Galligan A, et al. Early intervention for diabetes in medical and surgical inpatients decreases hyperglycemia and hospital-acquired infections: a cluster randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2019; 42(5): 832-840.
  12. Kyi M, Wang J, Fourlanos S. Increased hyperglycemia and hospital-acquired infections following withdrawal of the RAPIDS early intervention model of diabetes care in medical and surgical inpatients. Diabetes Care 2021; 44(2): e25-e26.
  13. Chang M.W., Huang C.Y., Liu H.T., Chen Y.C., Hsieh C.H. Stress-induced and diabetic hyperglycemia associated with higher mortality among Intensive Care Unit Trauma Patients: a cross-Sectional analysis of the propensity score-matched population. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:992.
  14. Bode B. Glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the United States. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2020; 14: 813–21.
  15. Ceriello A. Hyperglycemia and COVID-19: What was known and what is really new?. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 167: 108383.
  16. Umpierrez GE, Isaacs SD, Bazargan N, You X, Thaler LM, Kitabchi AE. Hyperglycemia: an independent marker of in-hospital mortality in patients with undiagnosed diabetes. J Clin Endocr 2002; 87(3): 978-82.
  17. Apicella M, Campopiano MC, Mantuano M, Mazoni L, Coppelli A, Del Prato S. COVID-19 in people with diabetes: understanding the reasons for worse outcomes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020; 8: 782–92.
  18. Scheen AJ, Marre M, Thivolet C. Prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19: findings from the CORONADO study and other recent reports. Diabetes Metab 2020; 46: 265–71.
  19. Cariou B, Hadjadj S, Wargny M, Pichelin M, Al-Salameh A, Allix I et al. Phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of inpatients with COVID-19 and diabetes: the CORONADO study. Diabetologia 2020; 63: 1500–15.
  20. Wang W, Chai Z, Cooper ME, Zimmet PZ, Guo H, Ding J et al. High fasting blood glucose level with unknown prior history of diabetes is associated with high risk of severe adverse COVID-19 outcome. Front Endocrinol 2021; 12: 791476.
  21. Barmanray RD, Gong JY, Kyi M, Kevat D, Islam MA, Galligan A, et al. Diabetes IN hospital–Glucose and Outcomes in the COVID‐19 pandemic (DINGO COVID‐19): the 2020 Melbourne hospital experience prior to novel variants and vaccinations. Intern Med J 2023; 53(1): 27-36.
  22. Cheung NW, Gilroy N, Hor A, Jose S, Kairaitis K, Nayyar V et al. Diabetes and hyperglycaemia among hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 in Western Sydney: a retrospective cohort study. Intern Med J 2023; 53(2): 194-201.
  23. Mehta PB, Kohn MA, Koliwad SK, Rushakoff RJ. Lack of association between either outpatient or inpatient glycemic control and COVID-19 illness severity or mortality in patients with diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9(1): e002203.
  24. RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 384(8): 693-704.
  25. Rhou YJJ, Hor A, Wang M, Wu YF, Jose S, Chipps DR et al. Dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemia in COVID-19: Glycaemic profile in patients without diabetes and factors associated with hyperglycaemia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 194: 110151.
  26. Zhang F, Karam JG. Glycemic profile of intravenous dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemia using continuous glucose monitoring. Am J Case Rep 2021; 22: e930733-1.
  27. Yates CJ, Fourlanos S, Colman PG, Cohney SJ. Divided dosing reduces prednisolone-induced hyperglycaemia and glycaemic variability: a randomized trial after kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29(3): 698-705.
  28. Gerganova A, Assyov Y, Kamenov Z. Stress Hyperglycemia, Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 Infection: Risk Factors, Clinical Outcomes and Post-Discharge Implications. Front Clin Diabetes Healthc 2022; 3.
  29. Musso G, Saba F, Cassader M, Gambino R. Diabetic ketoacidosis with SGLT2 inhibitors. BMJ 2020; 371: m4147.

p30-31 ABC checklist for screening in T2D

  1. Lee JD, Saravanan P, Patel V. Alphabet Strategy for diabetes care: A multi-professional, evidence-based, outcome-directed approach to management. World J Diabetes. 2015 Jun 25;6(6):874-9.
  2. Dirani, Mohammed. Out of Sight: A report into diabetic eye disease in Australia. Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute and Centre for Eye Research Australia. 2013 [cited 2023] Available from: https://baker.edu.au/-/media/documents/impact/outofsightreport.pdf
  3. Harris MI, Klein R, Welborn TA, Knuiman MW. The onset of NIDDM occurs at least 4-7 yr before clinical diagnosis. Diabetes Care. 1992 Jul;15(7):815-9.
  4. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clin Diabetes. 2018 Jan;36(1):14-37.
  5. Poirier P, Bertrand OF, Leipsic J, Mancini GBJ, Raggi P, Roussin A. Screening for the Presence of Cardiovascular Disease. Can J Diabetes. 2018 Apr;42 Suppl 1:S170-S177.
  6. Brownrigg JR, Schaper NC, Hinchliffe RJ. Diagnosis and assessment of peripheral arterial disease in the diabetic foot. Diabet Med. 2015 Jun;32(6):738-47.
  7. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Management of type 2 diabetes: A handbook for general practice. East Melbourne, Vic: RACGP, 2020.
  8. Alam W, Syamala S, Al Hamad H, George S, Kunnunmal N, Abdelfattah F, et al. Improving monitoring of diabetic complications in home care patients. BMJ Open Qual. 2017;6(2):e000053.
  9. Shojania KG, Jennings A, Mayhew A, Ramsay CR, Eccles MP, Grimshaw J. The effects of on-screen, point-of-care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 8;2009(3): CD001096.
  10. Zwar NA, Hermiz O, Comino EJ, Shortus T, Burns J, Harris M. Do multidisciplinary care plans result in better care for patients with type 2 diabetes? Aust Fam Physician. 2007;36(1-2):85-9.
  11. Chronic disea se GP Management Plans and Team Care Arrangements. Australian Government; 2022 [cited 2023Mar26]. Available from: https://www.servicesaustralia.gov.au/chronic-disease-gp-management-plans-and-team-care-arrangements?context=20
  12. Lee JD, Saravanan P, Varadhan L, Morrissey JR, Patel V. Quality of diabetes care worldwide and feasibility of implementation of the Alphabet Strategy: GAIA project (Global Alphabet Strategy Implementation Audit). BMC Health Serv Res. 2014 Oct 11;14:467.

p32-34 Nutrition care in pregnancy affected by gestational diabetes mellitus

  1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Incidence of gestational diabetes in Australia. Canberra: AIHW; 2019.
  2. Laurie JG, McIntyre HD. A Review of the Current Status of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Australia-The Clinical Impact of Changing Population Demographics and Diagnostic Criteria on Prevalence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(24).
  3. Tieu J, McPhee AJ, Crowther CA, Middleton P, Shepherd E. Screening for gestational diabetes mellitus based on different risk profiles and settings for improving maternal and infant health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;8(8):Cd007222.
  4. Song C, Lyu Y, Li C, Liu P, Li J, Ma RC, Yang X. Long-term risk of diabetes in women at varying durations after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis with more than 2 million women. Obes Rev. 2018;19(3):421-9.
  5. Dabelea D. The predisposition to obesity and diabetes in offspring of diabetic mothers. Diabetes Care. 2007;30 Suppl 2:S169-74.
  6. Alwan N, Tuffnell DJ, West J. Treatments for gestational diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;2009(3):Cd003395.
  7. Crowther CA, Samuel D, McCowan LME, Edlin R, Tran T, McKinlay CJ. Lower versus Higher Glycemic Criteria for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(7):587-98.
  8. Meloncelli NJL, Barnett AG, D'Emden M, De Jersey SJ. Effects of Changing Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Queensland, Australia. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(5):1215-21.
  9. Craig L, Sims R, Glasziou P, Thomas R. Women’s experiences of a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):76.
  10. Green A, Callaway L, McIntyre HD, Mitchell B. Diagnosing and providing initial management for patients with Gestational Diabetes: What is the General Practitioner's experience? Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;166:108290.
  11. Cade TJ, Polyakov A, Brennecke SP. Implications of the introduction of new criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes: a health outcome and cost of care analysis. BMJ Open. 2019;9(1):e023293.
  12. He J, Chen X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Bai J. The experiences of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2021;22(4):777-87.
  13. Pham S, Churruca K, Ellis LA, Braithwaite J. A scoping review of gestational diabetes mellitus healthcare: experiences of care reported by pregnant women internationally. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):627.
  14. Peters GJ, Ruiter RA, Kok G. Threatening communication: a critical re-analysis and a revised meta-analytic test of fear appeal theory. Health Psychol Rev. 2013;7(Suppl 1):S8-s31.
  15. Collins A. Measuring what really matters. The Health Foundation. 2014.
  16. Diabetes Australia. National Diabetes Services Scheme 2023 [Available from: https://www.ndss.com.au/.
  17. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Maternity and Neonatal Clinical Guideline: Guideline No. MN21.33-V6-R26; 2022.
  18. American Diabetes Association. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care. 2020;44(Supplement_1):S200-S10.
  19. Meloncelli N, Barnett A, Pelly F, de Jersey S. Diagnosis and management practices for gestational diabetes mellitus in Australia: Cross-sectional survey of the multidisciplinary team. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;59(2):208-14.
  20. Yamamoto JM, Kellett JE, Balsells M, García-Patterson A, Hadar E, Solà I, Gich I, van der Beek EM, Castañeda-Gutiérrez E, Heinonen S, Hod M, Laitinen K, Olsen SF, Poston L, Rueda R, Rust P, van Lieshout L, Schelkle B, Murphy HR, Corcoy R. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Examining the Impact of Modified Dietary Interventions on Maternal Glucose Control and Neonatal Birth Weight. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(7):1346-61.
  21. Han S, Middleton P, Shepherd E, Van Ryswyk E, Crowther CA. Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017(2).
  22. Sweeting A, Mijatovic J, Brinkworth GD, Markovic TP, Ross GP, Brand-Miller J, Hernandez TL. The Carbohydrate Threshold in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: How Low Can We Go? Nutrients. 2021;13(8).
  23. Mustad VA, Huynh DTT, López-Pedrosa JM, Campoy C, Rueda R. The Role of Dietary Carbohydrates in Gestational Diabetes. Nutrients. 2020;12(2).
  24. Hernandez TL. Carbohydrate Content in the GDM Diet: Two Views: View 1: Nutrition Therapy in Gestational Diabetes: The Case for Complex Carbohydrates. Diabetes Spectr. 2016;29(2):82-8.
  25. Heindel JJ, Vandenberg LN. Developmental origins of health and disease: a paradigm for understanding disease cause and prevention. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2015;27(2):248-53.
  26. Australian Government NHaMRC, department of Health and Aged Care Nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand : including recommended dietary intakes. Canberra, A.C.T.: National Health and Medical Research Council; 2006.
  27. Vounzoulaki E, Khunti K, Abner SC, Tan BK, Davies MJ, Gillies CL. Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;369:m1361.
  28. Gunderson EP, Sun B, Catov JM, Carnethon M, Lewis CE, Allen NB, Sidney S, Wellons M, Rana JS, Hou L, Carr JJ. Gestational Diabetes History and Glucose Tolerance After Pregnancy Associated With Coronary Artery Calcium in Women During Midlife. Circulation. 2021;143(10):974-87.
  29. Wilkinson SA, Lim SS, Upham S, Pennington A, O'Reilly SL, Asproloupos D, McIntyre HD, Dunbar JA. Who's responsible for the care of women during and after a pregnancy affected by gestational diabetes? Med J Aust. 2014;201(S3):S78-S81.
  30. Institute of Medicine Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US)
  31. Copyright 2001 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.; 2001.
  32. Schoenaker D, de Jersey S, Willcox J, Francois ME, Wilkinson S. Prevention of Gestational Diabetes: The Role of Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Weight before, during, and between Pregnancies. Semin Reprod Med. 2020;38(6):352-65.
  33. Nankervis A, McIntyre HD, Moses RG, Ross GP, Callaway LK. Testing for gestational diabetes mellitus in Australia. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(5):e64-e.
  34. Lie ML, Hayes L, Lewis-Barned NJ, May C, White M, Bell R. Preventing type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: women's experiences and implications for diabetes prevention interventions. Diabet Med. 2013;30(8):986-93.
  35. Keely E, Clark H, Karovitch A, Graham I. Screening for type 2 diabetes following gestational diabetes: family physician and patient perspectives. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien. 2010;56(6):558-63.
  36. Dunbar JA, Jayawardena A, Johnson G, Roger K, Timoshanko A, Versace VL, Shill J, Philpot B, Vartiainen E, Laatikainen T, Best JD, Janus ED. Scaling up diabetes prevention in Victoria, Australia: policy development, implementation, and evaluation. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(4):934-42.
  37. Vincze L, Rollo M, Hutchesson M, Hauck Y, MacDonald-Wicks L, Wood L, Callister R, Collins C. Interventions including a nutrition component aimed at managing gestational weight gain or postpartum weight retention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JBI Evidence Synthesis. 2019;17(3):297-364.

-- ENDS --