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1. Hossain M, et al. Total chemical synthesis of a nonfibrillating human glycoinsulin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. Jan 2020, 142, 3, 1164-1169.
2. Murnaghan J, Talalay P. John Jacob Abel and the crystallization of insulin. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Vol 10, No. 3, pp. 340-369. Johns Hopkins University Press.
3. Muzaffar M, et al. The Mechanism of Enhanced Insulin Amyloid Fibril Formation by NaCl Is Better Explained by a Conformational Change Model. 2011 PLOS ONE 6(11): e27906
4. Pfutzner A, et al. Using insulin infusion sets in CSII for longer than the recommended usage time leads to a high risk for adverse events. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2015 Nov; 9(6): 1292–1298
5. Liu G et al. Smoking cessation and weight change in relation to cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Volume 8, Iss 2, P125-133, February 01, 2020

p 8-12 Skin Deep

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39. Prompers L, Schaper N, Apelqvist J, Edmonds M, Jude E, Mauricio D, et al. Prediction of outcome in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers: focus on the differences between individuals with and without peripheral arterial disease. The EURODIALE Study. Clinical and Experimental Diabetes and Metabolism. 2008;51(5):747-55.
40. Harries RL, Harding KG. Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Current Geriatrics Reports. 2015;4(3):265-76.
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p 14-16 Diabetes of the exocrine pancreas

1. American Diabetes A. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Suppl 1):S13-S28.
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7. Rickels MR, Bellin M, Toledo FG, Robertson RP, Andersen DK, Chari ST, et al. Detection, evaluation and treatment of diabetes mellitus in chronic pancreatitis: recommendations from PancreasFest 2012. Pancreatology. 2013;13(4):336-42.
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9. Andersen DK. Mechanisms and emerging treatments of the metabolic complications of chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2007;35(1):1-15.
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21. Moran A, Pekow P, Grover P, Zorn M, Slovis B, Pilewski J, et al. Insulin Therapy to Improve BMI in Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes Without Fasting Hyperglycemia: Results of the Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes Therapy Trial. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(10):1783-8.
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p18-21 Polypharmacy and deprescribing

When Pollyanna prompts polypharmacy

1. Colley CA, Lucas LM. Polypharmacy - The cure becomes the disease. Vol. 8, Journal of General Internal Medicine. 1993. p. 278–83
2. Sirois C, Domingues NS, Laroche M-L, Zongo A, Lunghi C, Guénette L, et al. Polypharmacy Definitions for Multimorbid Older Adults Need Stronger Foundations to Guide Research, Clinical Practice and Public Health. Pharmacy. 2019 Aug 29;7(3):126.
3. Bushardt RL, Massey EB, Simpson TW, Ariail JC, Simpson KN. Polypharmacy: Misleading, but manageable. Clin Interv Aging. 2008;3(2):383–9.
4. Hilmer SN. The dilemma of polypharmacy. Vol. 31, Australian Prescriber. Australian Government Publishing Service; 2008. p. 2–3.
5. Duerden M, Avery T, Payne R. Polypharmacy and medicines optimisation: Making it safe and sound [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jan 3]. Available from: www.kingsfund.org.uk
6. Scott IA, Anderson K, Freeman CR, Stowasser DA. First do no harm: A real need to deprescribe in older patients. Med J Aust. 2014 Oct 6;201(7).

Deprescribing hypoglycaemics

1. Scott IA, Hilmer SN, Reeve E, Potter K, Le Couteur D, Rigby D, et al. Reducing Inappropriate Polypharmacy. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(5).
2. Tang TS, Funnell MM, Noorulla S, Oh M, Brown MB. Sustaining short-term improvements over the long-term: Results from a 2-year diabetes self-management support (DSMS) intervention. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012 Jan;95(1):85–92.
3. Nathan DM, Barrett-Connor E, Crandall JP, Edelstein SL, Goldberg RB, Horton ES, et al. Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Nov 1;3(11):866–75.
4. Huang XL, Pan JH, Chen D, Chen J, Chen F, Hu TT. Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Intern Med. 2016 Jan 1;27:37–47.
5. Perreault L, Pan Q, Mather KJ, Watson KE, Hamman RF, Kahn SE. Effect of regression from prediabetes to normal glucose regulation on long-term reduction in diabetes risk: Results from the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet. 2012;379(9833):2243–51. 5. Toivo T, Airaksinen M, Dimitrow M, Savela E, Pelkonen K, Kiuru V, et al. Enhanced coordination of care to reduce medication risks in older home care clients in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2019 Nov 27;19(1):332.
6. Qi K, Reeve E, Hilmer SN, Pearson SA, Matthews S, Gnjidic D. Older peoples’ attitudes regarding polypharmacy, statin use and willingness to have statins deprescribed in Australia. Int J Clin Pharm. 2015 Oct 1;37(5):949–57.
7. Reeve E, Low LF, Hilmer SN. Beliefs and attitudes of older adults and carers about deprescribing of medications: A qualitative focus group study. Br J Gen Pract. 2016 Aug 1;66(649):e552–60.
8. &
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11.  Abdelhafiz AH, Sinclair AJ. Management of type 2 diabetes in older people. Vol. 4, Diabetes Therapy. Springer Publishing Company; 2013. p. 13–26.
12. Moghissi E. Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in older patients: Current and emerging treatment options. Vol. 4, Diabetes Therapy. Springer Publishing Company; 2013. p. 239–56.
13. Brown A, Mangione C, Saliba D, Sarkisian C. Guidelines for improving the care of the older person with diabetes mellitus. J Am Geriatr Soc. 51(5 Suppl Guidelines):S256-80.
14. Currie CJ, Peters JR, Tynan A, Evans M, Heine RJ, Bracco OL, et al. Survival as a function of HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2010;375(9713):481–9.
15. Gerstein HC, et al. Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2008 Jun 12 [cited 2020 Jan 4];358(24):2545–59. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa0802743
16. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HAW. 10-Year Follow-up of Intensive Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2008 Oct 9 [cited 2018 Apr 5];359(15):1577–89. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJMoa0806470
17. Primary Health Tasmania. Antihyperglycaemic Agents: A guide to deprescribing. 2019.

Reducing iatrogenic harm

1. Barnett N, Kelly O. Deprescribing: Is the law on your side? Eur J Hosp Pharm . 2017 Jan 1;24(1):21–5.

How to go about deprescribing

1. NHS Scotland. 7 Steps [Internet]. Polypharmacy Guidance- Medicines Review. 2020 [cited 2020 Jan 2]. Available from: http://www.polypharmacy.scot.nhs.uk/polypharmacy-guidance-medicines-review/for-healthcare-professionals/7-steps/
   
2. Tenni P, Dunbabin D, Davis J, Lo A, MacKean J, Pollard H, et al. A Guide to Deprescribing: General Information [Internet]. primaryhealthtas.com.au. 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 8]. Available from: https://www.primaryhealthtas.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/A-Guide-to-Deprescribing-Anthyperglycaemics-2019.pdf
   
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4. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. The PHQ-9. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2001 Sep [cited 2020 Jan 3];16(9):606–13. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
   
5. Murray MD, Kroenke K. Polypharmacy and medication adherence: Small steps on a long road. Vol. 16, Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2001. p. 137–9.

p22-24 Tai Chi for diabetes

1. Lam P et al. Improving Glycaemic and BP Control in Type 2 Diabetes - the effectiveness of tai chi. Australia Family Physician Vol. 37, No. 10, October 2008
2. Sond R et al. Adhering to a T’ai Chi program to improve glucose control and quality of life for individuals with type 2 Diabetes. Journal Of Alternative And Complementary Medicine. Vol. 18, No 12, 2012, pp. 1172–1178
3. Ahn S et al. Effects of Tai Chi exercise on glucose control, neuropathy scores, balance, and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and neuropathy. Journal Of Alternative And Complementary Medicine. Vol 18, No 12, 2012, pp 1172–1178
4. Zhou Z et al. Effects of Tai Chi on physiology, balance and quality of life in Patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Rehabil Med 2019; 51: 405–417
5. Tuomilehto J et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New England Journal of Medicine. 3 May 2001
6. Wang F et al. The effects of tai chi on depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

p30-31 Reality Check – Emotional challenge of long-term doctoring

1. Campbell, C. and McGauley, G. (2005). Doctor-patient relationships in chronic illness: insights from forensic psychiatry. BMJ 330: 667
2. Braillard, O., Slama-Chaudhry, A., Joly, C., Perone, N., and Beran, D. (2018) The impact of chronic disease management on primary care doctors in Switzerland: a qualitative study, BMC Family Practice,19.
3. Oldroyd, J., Proudfoot, J., Infante, F., Powell Davies, G., Harris, M., Bubner, T., Holton, C., and Beilby, J. (2003). Providing healthcare for people with chronic illness: the views of Australian GPs. Medical Journal of Australia, 179(1): 30-33

p32 – p34 Food Stuff – Coeliac disease and diabetes: dietary strategies

1. Vajravelu ME et al. Incidence and risk of celiac disease after type 1 diabetes: A population based cohort study using the health improvement network database. Pediatric Diabetes. 2018;19:1422–1428
2. Tortora R, et al. Metabolic syndrome in patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Feb;41(4):352-9.
3. Tovoli F, et al. Increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with coeliac disease on a gluten-free diet. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48(5):538-546.
4. Paterson M et al. The role of dietary protein and fat in glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes: Implications for intensive diabetes management. (2015)Current diabetes reports, 15(9), 61.

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