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From the Ed’s desk

1. Tudor Hart J. The inverse care law. The Lancet [Internet]. 1971 Feb;297(7696):405–12. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(71)92410-X/fulltext
2. https://pdhpe.net/health-priorities-in-australia/what-are-the-priority-issues-for-improving-australias-health/groups-experiencing-health-inequities/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-peoples/

HbA1c may be inaccurate in South Asian people

1. Standard diabetes test may be inaccurate for 10,000s of South Asian people in UK [Internet]. Queen Mary University of London. 2024 [cited 2024 Jun 21]. Available from: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/media/news/2024/fmd/standard-diabetes-test-may-be-inaccurate-for-10000s-of-south-asian-people-in-uk.html
2. Samuel et al in A missense variant in PIEZO1 may distort the relationship between Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose in South Asians. Oral abstracts. Diabetic medicine. 2024 Apr 1;41(S1).
3. UK Biobank. UK Biobank [Internet]. Ukbiobank.ac.uk. UK Biobank; 2019. Available from: https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/

Gestational diabetes (GDM) and inter-generational Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)

1. Ru Xun Foo, Jenny Junyi Ma, Du R, Boon G, Yap Seng Chong, Zhang C, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus and development of intergenerational non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2024 Jun 1;72:102609–9.
2. Le MH, Yeo YH, Li X, Li J, Zou B, Wu Y, et al. 2019 Global NAFLD Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology [Internet]. 2021 Dec 7;20(12). Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1542356521012805
3. Eslam M, Alkhouri N, Vajro P, Baumann U, Weiss R, Socha P, et al. Defining paediatric metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2021 Oct;6(10):864–73.
4. Le MH, Yeo YH, Li X, Li J, Zou B, Wu Y, et al. 2019 Global NAFLD Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology [Internet]. 2021 Dec 7;20(12). Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1542356521012805

Fathers’ diet influences metabolic health of sons through sperm RNA

1. 1. Cai C, Chen Q. Father’s diet influences son’s metabolic health through sperm RNA. Nature [Internet]. 2024 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Jun 21];630(8017):571–3. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01502-w

Exercise timing may be important in glycaemic management

1. Clavero‐Jimeno A, Dote‐Montero M, Migueles JH, Camacho‐Cardenosa A, Oses M, Jon Echarte Medina, et al. Impact of lifestyle moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity timing on glycemic in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic impairments. Obesity. 2024 Jun 10;
2. Moholdt T, Parr EB, Devlin BL, Debik J, Giskeødegård G, Hawley JA. The effect of morning vs evening exercise training on glycaemic control and serum metabolites in overweight/obese men: a randomised trial. Diabetologia. 2021 May 19;
3. Idris I. Afternoon exercise shown to induce greater reduction in blood glucose levels among people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, obesity and metabolism now. 2023 Jun 1;1(6).

p8-11 The LGBTQIA+ Community and Diabetes

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4. Kinitz D, Shahidi F, Ross L. Job quality and precarious employment among lesbian, gay, and bisexual workers: A national study. SSM Popul Health. 2023;24:101535-undefined. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101535
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7. Hsu CC . Poverty Increases Type 2 Diabetes Incidence and Inequality of Care despite Universal Health Coverage. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2012 Aug 21;35(11):2286–92. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3476930/
8. Pascoe E. Australian Gay Men and Type 2 Diabetes. Victoria University; 2022. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/45680/
9. Siri Rosenkilde, Sofie Have Hoffmann, Anne Bonde Thorsted, Trine Allerslev Horsbøl, Katrine Rich Madsen, Sara Fokdal Lehn, et al. Loneliness and the risk of type 2 diabetes. BMJ open diabetes research and care. 2024 Mar 1;12(2):e003934–4.
10. Sherman ADF, Clark KD, Robinson K, Noorani T, Poteat T. Trans* Community Connection, Health, and Wellbeing: A Systematic Review. LGBT Health. 2020/01/01 2019;7(1):1-14. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2019.0014
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12. Brennan-Ing M, Haberlen S, Ware D, et al. Psychological Connection to the Gay Community and Negative Self-Appraisals in Middle-Aged and Older Men Who Have Sex With Men: The Mediating Effects of Fitness Engagement. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 2021;77(1):39-49. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbab076
13. Pachankis JE, Clark KA, Burton CL, Hughto JMW, Bränström R, Keene DE. Sex, status, competition, and exclusion: Intraminority stress from within the gay community and gay and bisexual men’s mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2020;119(3):713.
14. Halcomb E, Thompson C, Tillott S, Robinson K, Lucas E. Exploring social connectedness in older Australians with chronic conditions: Results of a descriptive survey. Collegian. 2022/12/01/ 2022;29(6):860-866. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2022.05.011
15. Kempapidis T, Heinze N, Green AK, Gomes RSM. Queer and Disabled: Exploring the Experiences of People Who Identify as LGBT and Live with Disabilities. Disabilities. 2024;4(1):41-63.
16. Henriksen RE, Nilsen RM, Strandberg RB. Loneliness increases the risk of type 2 diabetes: a 20 year follow-up – results from the HUNT study. Diabetologia. 2022;doi:10.1007/s00125-022-05791-6
17. Cho E, Kim J, Bang S. Loneliness in older adults with diabetes mellitus: a scoping review. Psychology, Health & Medicine. 2024:1-16. doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2299665
18. LGBTIQ+ [Internet]. Vicsport. Available from: https://vicsport.com.au/lgbtiq https://vicsport.com.au/lgbtiq
19. Out on the Fields - The first international study on homophobia in sport [Internet]. Out On The Fields. Available from: https://outonthefields.com/
20. Galinsky AM, Ward BW, Joestl SS, Dahlhamer JM. Sleep duration, sleep quality, and sexual orientation: findings from the 2013-2015 National Health Interview Survey. Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation. 2018;4(1):56-62. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.10.004
21. Patterson CJ, Potter EC. Sexual orientation and sleep difficulties: a review of research. Sleep Health. 2019/06/01/ 2019;5(3):227-235. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2019.02.004
22. Song Y, Chang Zg, Song C, et al. Association of sleep quality, its change and sleep duration with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Findings from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2023/09/01 2023;39(6):e3669. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3669
23. Deschênes S, McInerney A, Schmitz N. Sleep and Diabetes. Textbook of Diabetes. 2024:897-903.
24. Henson J, Covenant A, Hall AP, et al. Waking Up to the Importance of Sleep in Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Narrative Review. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(3):331-343. doi:10.2337/dci23-0037
25. Haoxiong S. Exploring the Relationship Between Smoking and Poor Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study Using NHANES. medRxiv. 2024:2024.03.17.24304413. doi:10.1101/2024.03.17.24304413
26. Cao Z, Cini E, Pellegrini D, Fragkos KC. The association between sexual orientation and eating disorders-related eating behaviours in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Eating Disorders Review. 2023/01/01 2023;31(1):46-64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2952
27. DeFazio S, Mastrili N, Szoka N, Schneider KL, Cox S, Aylward L. Sexual orientation moderates the relationship between internalized weight bias and binge eating symptoms among adults pursuing bariatric surgery. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 2024/03/25/ 2024;doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2024.03.019
28. Shadid S, Abosi-Appeadu K, De Maertelaere A-S, et al. Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Insulin Sensitivity and Incretin Responses in Transgender People. Diabetes Care. 2019;43(2):411-417. doi:10.2337/dc19-1061
29. Sánchez-Toscano E, Domínguez-Riscart J, Larrán-Escandón L, Mateo-Gavira I, Aguilar-Diosdado M. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Transgender People after Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy. J Clin Med. Sep 23 2023;12(19)doi:10.3390/jcm12196141
30. Cundill P. Hormone therapy for trans and gender diverse patients in the general practice setting. Australian Journal for General Practitioners. 06/19 2020;49:385-390.
31. Cheung AS, Wynne K, Erasmus J, Murray S, Zajac JD. Position statement on the hormonal management of adult transgender and gender diverse individuals. Med J Aust. 2019;211(3):127-133.
32. Moverley J, Loebner S, Carmona B, Vuu D. Considerations for Transgender People With Diabetes. Clinical Diabetes. 2021;39(4):389-396. doi:10.2337/cd21-0011
33. Milionis C, Ilias I, Venaki E, Koukkou E. Glucose Homeostasis, Diabetes Mellitus, and Gender-Affirming Treatment. Biomedicines. 2023;11(3):670.
34. Glintborg D, Rubin KH, Petersen TG, et al. Cardiovascular risk in Danish transgender persons: a matched historical cohort study. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2022;187(3):463-477. doi:10.1530/eje-22-0306
35. Austin F, Wright KE, Jackson B, Lin A, Schweizer K, Furzer BJ. A scoping review of trans and gender diverse children and adolescents’ experiences of physical activity, sport, and exercise participation. Mental Health and Physical Activity. 2024/03/01/ 2024;26:100576. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2024.100576
36. Lightner JS, Schneider J, Grimes A, et al. Physical activity among transgender individuals: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. PLOS ONE. 2024;19(2):e0297571. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297571
37. Haire BG, Brook E, Stoddart R, Simpson P. Trans and gender diverse people’s experiences of healthcare access in Australia: A qualitative study in people with complex needs. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(1):e0245889. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245889
38. Therapeutic Goods Administration. Notice of a final decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard. Department of Health: Australian Government. Accessed 26 December 2019, 2019. https://www.tga.gov.au/scheduling-decision-final/final-decisions-matters-referred-march-2019-joint-acms-accs-meeting
39. Ferreira PM, Nutt D. Regulating the oxides of nitrogen – popping the myths. Drug Science, Policy and Law. 2022/01/01 2022;8:20503245221085221. doi:10.1177/20503245221085221
40. Skerrit JaP, A. Need a Rush? Amyl nitrate is finally legal, but good luck getting it. Health, LGBTIQ, Medicine, Sexuality.
41. Ayoub C, Geske JB, Larsen CM, Scott CG, Klarich KW, Pellikka PA. Comparison of Valsalva Maneuver, Amyl Nitrite, and Exercise Echocardiography to Demonstrate Latent Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2017/12/15/ 2017;120(12):2265-2271. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.08.047
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43. Kilkenny MF, Dunstan L, Busingye D, et al. Knowledge of risk factors for diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD) is poor among individuals with risk factors for CVD. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(2):e0172941. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172941
44. Al Meslamani AZ. Underreporting of Adverse Drug Events: a Look into the Extent, Causes, and Potential Solutions. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 2023/05/04 2023;22(5):351-354. doi:10.1080/14740338.2023.2224558
45. Karlsson A, Price O, Peacock A. Recent use of amyl nitrite among people who regularly use ecstasy and other illicit stimulants in Adelaide, South Australia. 2021;
46. Vaccher S. Poppers can now be sold in pharmacies, but getting them might not be so easy,. Newroom UNSW. 29th April, 2024. Accessed 29th April, 2020. https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2020/02/poppers-can-now-be-sold-in-pharmacies-but-getting-them-might-not-be-so-easy
47. Li L, Zhang Y, Ma M, et al. Does erectile dysfunction predict cardiovascular risk? A cross-sectional study of clinical characteristics in patients with erectile dysfunction combined with coronary heart disease. Original Research. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2024-March-18 2024;11doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1341819
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49. Medland NA, Grulich AE. HIV diagnoses in Australia fall as clinicians embrace pre-exposure prophylaxis. Aust Prescr. Dec 2020;43(6):182-183. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2020.048
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52. Moawad MHED, Mohamed Shalaby MM, Hamouda E, et al. Risk of Stroke Among HIV Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Global Studies and Associated Comorbidities. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2024;95(5)
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p12-15 Diabetes & cancer – what are the risks?

1. Lega IC, Lipscombe LL. Review: Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer-Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. Endocr Rev. 2020;41(1).
2. Tsilidis KK, Kasimis JC, Lopez DS, Ntzani EE, Ioannidis JP. Type 2 diabetes and cancer: umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. BMJ. 2015;350:g7607.
3. Davies NM, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G. Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians. BMJ [Internet]. 2018 Jul 12;k601. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k601
4. Pearson-Stuttard J, Papadimitriou N, Markozannes G, Cividini S, Kakourou A, Gill D, et al. Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Observational and Mendelian Randomization Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021;30(6):1218-28.
5. Sona MF, Myung SK, Park K, Jargalsaikhan G. Type 1 diabetes mellitus and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2018;48(5):426-33.
6. Kim DS, Scherer PE. Obesity, Diabetes, and Increased Cancer Progression. Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(6):799-812.
7. Yang K, Liu Z, Thong MSY, Doege D, Arndt V. Higher Incidence of Diabetes in Cancer Patients Compared to Cancer-Free Population Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(7).
8. Hwang JL, Weiss RE. Steroid-induced diabetes: a clinical and molecular approach to understanding and treatment. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014;30(2):96-102.
9. Azher S, Azami O, Amato C, McCullough M, Celentano A, Cirillo N. The Non-Conventional Effects of Glucocorticoids in Cancer. J Cell Physiol. 2016;231(11):2368-73.
10. Zylla D, Gilmore G, Eklund J, Richter S, Carlson A. Impact of diabetes and hyperglycemia on health care utilization, infection risk, and survival in patients with cancer receiving glucocorticoids with chemotherapy. J Diabetes Complications. 2019;33(4):335-9.
11. Nogueira E, Newsom-Davis T, Morganstein DL. Immunotherapy-induced endocrinopathies: assessment, management and monitoring. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2019;10:2042018819896182.
12. Hershey DS, Tipton J, Given B, Davis E. Perceived impact of cancer treatment on diabetes self-management. Diabetes Educ. 2012;38(6):779-90.
13. Janssen-Heijnen ML, Houterman S, Lemmens VE, Louwman MW, Maas HA, Coebergh JW. Prognostic impact of increasing age and co-morbidity in cancer patients: a population-based approach. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2005;55(3):231-40.
14. Vissers PA, Falzon L, van de Poll-Franse LV, Pouwer F, Thong MS. The impact of having both cancer and diabetes on patient-reported outcomes: a systematic review and directions for future research. J Cancer Surviv. 2016;10(2):406-15.
15. Barone BB, Yeh HC, Snyder CF, Peairs KS, Stein KB, Derr RL, et al. Long-term all-cause mortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300(23):2754-64.
16. Ranc K, Jørgensen ME, Friis S, Carstensen B. Mortality after cancer among patients with diabetes mellitus: effect of diabetes duration and treatment. Diabetologia. 2014;57(5):927-34.
17. van de Poll-Franse LV, Houterman S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Dercksen MW, Coebergh JW, Haak HR. Less aggressive treatment and worse overall survival in cancer patients with diabetes: a large population based analysis. Int J Cancer. 2007;120(9):1986-92.
18. Fleming ST, Pursley HG, Newman B, Pavlov D, Chen K. Comorbidity as a predictor of stage of illness for patients with breast cancer. Med Care. 2005;43(2):132-40.

p22-25 Type 1 diabetes: Natural history and prevention

1. ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, et al. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):S19-s40.
2. Diabetes data snapshots – NDSS [Internet]. www.ndss.com.au. Available from: https://www.ndss.com.au/about-diabetes/diabetes-facts-and-figures/diabetes-data-snapshots/
3. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Diabetes: Australian facts, Summary [Internet]. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2022. Available from: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/diabetes/diabetes/contents/summary
4. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th Edition (2021) Available at www.diabetesatlas.org Accessed 14 May 2023.
5. Haynes A, Bulsara MK, Bergman P, Cameron F, Couper J, Craig ME, et al. Incidence of type 1 diabetes in 0 to 14 year olds in Australia from 2002 to 2017. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020;21(5):707-12.
6. Redondo MJ, Steck AK, Pugliese A. Genetics of type 1 diabetes. Pediatric Diabetes. 2018;19(3):346-53.
7. Rewers M, Ludvigsson J. Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2016;387(10035):2340-8.
8. The Teddy Study Group. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study: study design. Pediatric Diabetes. 2007;8(5):286-98.
9. Ziegler AG, Rewers M, Simell O, Simell T, Lempainen J, Steck A, et al. Seroconversion to Multiple Islet Autoantibodies and Risk of Progression to Diabetes in Children. JAMA. 2013;309(23):2473-9.
10. Insel RA, Dunne JL, Atkinson MA, Chiang JL, Dabelea D, Gottlieb PA, et al. Staging Presymptomatic Type 1 Diabetes: A Scientific Statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(10):1964-74.
11. POInT study | GPPAD [Internet]. www.gppad.org. [cited 2023 Jun 5]. Available from: https://www.gppad.org/en/point-study/
12. Provention Bio, Inc. A Phase 1, First-in-Human, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multiple-Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of PRV-101, a Coxsackie Virus B (CVB) Vaccine, in Healthy Adult Subjects [Internet]. clinicaltrials.gov. 2022 [cited 2023 Jun 5]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04690426 (
13. Ziegler AG, Arnolds S, Kölln A, Achenbach P, Berner R, Bonifacio E, et al. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis EVC001 for mitigation of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity: the GPPAD-SINT1A randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ open [Internet]. 2021 Nov 9 [cited 2023 Jun 5];11(11):e052449. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34753762/
14. Herold KC, Bundy BN, Long SA, Bluestone JA, DiMeglio LA, Dufort MJ, et al. An Anti-CD3 Antibody, Teplizumab, in Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes. 2019;0(0):null.
15. Waibel M, Thomas HE, Wentworth JM, Couper JJ, MacIsaac RJ, Cameron FJ, et al. Investigating the efficacy of baricitinib in new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (BANDIT)-study protocol for a phase 2, randomized, placebo controlled trial. Trials. 2022;23(1):433.
16. Medical University of Graz, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group, Multi-centre Trial in Adult Subjects With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Investigating the Effect of Verapamil SR on Preservation of Beta-cell Function (Ver-A-T1D) [Internet]. clinicaltrials.gov. 2022 [cited 2023 Jun 5]. Available from: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04545151
17. Wilhelm-Benartzi CS, Miller SE, Bruggraber S, et al Study protocol: Minimum effective low dose: anti-human thymocyte globulin (MELD-ATG): phase II, dose ranging, efficacy study of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) within 6 weeks of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. BMJ Open 2021;11:e053669. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053669
18. Forlenza GP, McVean J, Beck RW, Bauza C, Bailey R, Buckingham B, et al. Effect of Verapamil on Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA [Internet]. 2023 Mar 28;329(12):990–9. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2801974
19. Type1Screen – Screening for Type 1 Diabetes [Internet]. Available from: https://type1screen.org/
20. Type 1 Diabetes National Screening Pilot [Internet]. www.kidsdiabetesscreen.com.au. [cited 2023 Jun 5]. Available from: https://www.kidsdiabetesscreen.com.au/
21. ATIC [Internet]. atic.svi.edu.au. 2022 [cited 2023 Jun 5]. Available from: https://atic.svi.edu.au/

p26 – 29 PCOS & Diabetes: an overview of revised guidelines

1. Norman RJ, Dewailly D, Legro RS, Hickey TE. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet. 2007;370(9588):685-97.
2. March WA, Moore VM, Willson KJ, Phillips DIW, Norman RJ, Davies MJ. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria. Human Reproduction. 2010;25(2):544-51.
3. Gilbert E, Avery J, Bartlett R, Campbell S, Joham A, Rumbold A, et al. The Prevalence of Clinical Characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among Indigenous Women: A Systematic Search and Review of the Literature. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine. 2021;39(3-4):78-93.
4. Gibson-Helm M, Teede H, Dunaif A, Dokras A. Delayed Diagnosis and a Lack of Information Associated With Dissatisfaction in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. 2017;102(2):604-12.
5. Day F, Karaderi T, Jones MR, Meun C, He C, Drong A, et al. Large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome suggests shared genetic architecture for different diagnosis criteria. PLoS genetics. 2018;14(12):e1007813.
6. Tosi F, Bonora E, Moghetti P. Insulin resistance in a large cohort of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comparison between euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp and surrogate indexes. Human reproduction (Oxford, England). 2017;32(12):2515-21.
7. Stepto NK, Cassar S, Joham AE, Hutchison SK, Harrison CL, Goldstein RF, et al. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have intrinsic insulin resistance on euglycaemic-hyperinsulaemic clamp. Human reproduction (Oxford, England). 2013;28(3):777-84.
8. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, et al. The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertility and sterility. 2009;91(2):456-88.
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