Scroll down for references for this edition

PASSWORD:  Diabetes Management Journal is a medical journal exclusively for healthcare professionals. Apply for access here:

From the Ed’s desk

1. Tudor Hart J. The inverse care law. The Lancet [Internet]. 1971 Feb;297(7696):405–12. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(71)92410-X/fulltext
2. https://pdhpe.net/health-priorities-in-australia/what-are-the-priority-issues-for-improving-australias-health/groups-experiencing-health-inequities/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-peoples/

 HbA1c may be inaccurate in South Asian people

1. Standard diabetes test may be inaccurate for 10,000s of South Asian people in UK [Internet]. Queen Mary University of London. 2024 [cited 2024 Jun 21]. Available from: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/media/news/2024/fmd/standard-diabetes-test-may-be-inaccurate-for-10000s-of-south-asian-people-in-uk.html
2. Samuel et al in A missense variant in PIEZO1 may distort the relationship between Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose in South Asians. Oral abstracts. Diabetic medicine. 2024 Apr 1;41(S1).
3. UK Biobank. UK Biobank [Internet]. Ukbiobank.ac.uk. UK Biobank; 2019. Available from: https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/

Gestational diabetes (GDM) and inter-generational Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)

1. Ru Xun Foo, Jenny Junyi Ma, Du R, Boon G, Yap Seng Chong, Zhang C, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus and development of intergenerational non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2024 Jun 1;72:102609–9.
2. Le MH, Yeo YH, Li X, Li J, Zou B, Wu Y, et al. 2019 Global NAFLD Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology [Internet]. 2021 Dec 7;20(12). Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1542356521012805
3. Eslam M, Alkhouri N, Vajro P, Baumann U, Weiss R, Socha P, et al. Defining paediatric metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2021 Oct;6(10):864–73.
4. Le MH, Yeo YH, Li X, Li J, Zou B, Wu Y, et al. 2019 Global NAFLD Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology [Internet]. 2021 Dec 7;20(12). Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1542356521012805

Fathers’ diet influences metabolic health of sons through sperm RNA

1. Cai C, Chen Q. Father’s diet influences son’s metabolic health through sperm RNA. Nature [Internet]. 2024 Jun 1 [cited 2024 Jun 21];630(8017):571–3. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01502-w

First Cellular Therapy to Treat T1D

1. Administration USF and D. FDA Approves First Cellular Therapy to Treat Patients with Type 1 Diabetes [Internet]. www.prnewswire.com. [cited 2023 Jul 19]. Available from: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fda-approves-first-cellular-therapy-to-treat-patients-with-type-1-diabetes-301866374.html
2. McNamee A. Lantidra wins FDA approval as first-ever type 1 diabetes cell therapy [Internet]. Pharmaceutical Technology. 2023 [cited 2023 Jul 19]. Available from: https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/lantidra-wins-fda-approval-as-first-ever-type-1-diabetes-cell-therapy/#:~:text=The%20therapy%20works%20by%20essentially
3. https://www.fda.gov/media/169920/download (Package Insert for Lantidra)
4. New Type 1 Diabetes Treatment Eliminates Need for Insulin [Internet]. Verywell Health. [cited 2023 Jul 19]. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/fda-approves-lantidra-to-treat-type-1-diabetes-7559545#citation-3

Exercise timing may be important in glycaemic management

1. Clavero‐Jimeno A, Dote‐Montero M, Migueles JH, Camacho‐Cardenosa A, Oses M, Jon Echarte Medina, et al. Impact of lifestyle moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity timing on glycemic in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic impairments. Obesity. 2024 Jun 10;
2. Moholdt T, Parr EB, Devlin BL, Debik J, Giskeødegård G, Hawley JA. The effect of morning vs evening exercise training on glycaemic control and serum metabolites in overweight/obese men: a randomised trial. Diabetologia. 2021 May 19;
3. Idris I. Afternoon exercise shown to induce greater reduction in blood glucose levels among people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, obesity and metabolism now. 2023 Jun 1;1(6).

p8-11 The LGBTQIA+ Community and Diabetes

1. AMA Position Statement [Internet]. Available from: https://www.ama.com.au/sites/default/files/2021-11/AMA%20Position%20Statement%20-%20LGBTQIA%2B%20Health%202021.pdf
2. CDC. Diabetes and the LGBTQ Community [Internet]. Diabetes. 2024 [cited 2024 Jun 17]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/risk-factors/diabetes-risk-lgbtq.html
3. National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022–2023: LGBT people’s use of alcohol, tobacco, e-cigarettes and other drugs [Internet]. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2024 [cited 2024 Jun 17]. Available from: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/lgbtiq-communities/lgbt-people-alcohol-drugs#:~:text=The%20daily%20tobacco%20smoking%20rate
4. Kinitz D, Shahidi F, Ross L. Job quality and precarious employment among lesbian, gay, and bisexual workers: A national study. SSM Popul Health. 2023;24:101535-undefined. doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101535
5. The Economics of Being LGBT. A Review: 2015-2020, (Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)) (2021).
6. Perales F. Improving the wellbeing of LGBTQ+ employees: Do workplace diversity training and ally networks make a difference? Preventive Medicine. 2022/08/01/ 2022;161:107113. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107113
7. Hsu CC . Poverty Increases Type 2 Diabetes Incidence and Inequality of Care despite Universal Health Coverage. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2012 Aug 21;35(11):2286–92. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3476930/
8. Pascoe E. Australian Gay Men and Type 2 Diabetes. Victoria University; 2022. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/45680/
9. Siri Rosenkilde, Sofie Have Hoffmann, Anne Bonde Thorsted, Trine Allerslev Horsbøl, Katrine Rich Madsen, Sara Fokdal Lehn, et al. Loneliness and the risk of type 2 diabetes. BMJ open diabetes research and care. 2024 Mar 1;12(2):e003934–4.
10. Sherman ADF, Clark KD, Robinson K, Noorani T, Poteat T. Trans* Community Connection, Health, and Wellbeing: A Systematic Review. LGBT Health. 2020/01/01 2019;7(1):1-14. doi:10.1089/lgbt.2019.0014
11. Philpot SP, Holt M, Murphy D, et al. Qualitative Findings on the Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Australian Gay and Bisexual Men: Community Belonging and Mental Well-being. Qualitative Health Research. 2021/11/01 2021;31(13):2414-2425. doi:10.1177/10497323211039204
12. Brennan-Ing M, Haberlen S, Ware D, et al. Psychological Connection to the Gay Community and Negative Self-Appraisals in Middle-Aged and Older Men Who Have Sex With Men: The Mediating Effects of Fitness Engagement. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 2021;77(1):39-49. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbab076
13. Pachankis JE, Clark KA, Burton CL, Hughto JMW, Bränström R, Keene DE. Sex, status, competition, and exclusion: Intraminority stress from within the gay community and gay and bisexual men’s mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2020;119(3):713.
14. Halcomb E, Thompson C, Tillott S, Robinson K, Lucas E. Exploring social connectedness in older Australians with chronic conditions: Results of a descriptive survey. Collegian. 2022/12/01/ 2022;29(6):860-866. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2022.05.011
15. Kempapidis T, Heinze N, Green AK, Gomes RSM. Queer and Disabled: Exploring the Experiences of People Who Identify as LGBT and Live with Disabilities. Disabilities. 2024;4(1):41-63.
16. Henriksen RE, Nilsen RM, Strandberg RB. Loneliness increases the risk of type 2 diabetes: a 20 year follow-up – results from the HUNT study. Diabetologia. 2022;doi:10.1007/s00125-022-05791-6
17. Cho E, Kim J, Bang S. Loneliness in older adults with diabetes mellitus: a scoping review. Psychology, Health & Medicine. 2024:1-16. doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2299665
18. LGBTIQ+ [Internet]. Vicsport. Available from: https://vicsport.com.au/lgbtiq https://vicsport.com.au/lgbtiq
19. Out on the Fields - The first international study on homophobia in sport [Internet]. Out On The Fields. Available from: https://outonthefields.com/
20. Galinsky AM, Ward BW, Joestl SS, Dahlhamer JM. Sleep duration, sleep quality, and sexual orientation: findings from the 2013-2015 National Health Interview Survey. Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation. 2018;4(1):56-62. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.10.004
21. Patterson CJ, Potter EC. Sexual orientation and sleep difficulties: a review of research. Sleep Health. 2019/06/01/ 2019;5(3):227-235. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2019.02.004
22. Song Y, Chang Zg, Song C, et al. Association of sleep quality, its change and sleep duration with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Findings from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2023/09/01 2023;39(6):e3669. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3669
23. Deschênes S, McInerney A, Schmitz N. Sleep and Diabetes. Textbook of Diabetes. 2024:897-903.
24. Henson J, Covenant A, Hall AP, et al. Waking Up to the Importance of Sleep in Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Narrative Review. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(3):331-343. doi:10.2337/dci23-0037
25. Haoxiong S. Exploring the Relationship Between Smoking and Poor Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study Using NHANES. medRxiv. 2024:2024.03.17.24304413. doi:10.1101/2024.03.17.24304413
26. Cao Z, Cini E, Pellegrini D, Fragkos KC. The association between sexual orientation and eating disorders-related eating behaviours in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Eating Disorders Review. 2023/01/01 2023;31(1):46-64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2952
27. DeFazio S, Mastrili N, Szoka N, Schneider KL, Cox S, Aylward L. Sexual orientation moderates the relationship between internalized weight bias and binge eating symptoms among adults pursuing bariatric surgery. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 2024/03/25/ 2024;doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2024.03.019
28. Shadid S, Abosi-Appeadu K, De Maertelaere A-S, et al. Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Insulin Sensitivity and Incretin Responses in Transgender People. Diabetes Care. 2019;43(2):411-417. doi:10.2337/dc19-1061
29. Sánchez-Toscano E, Domínguez-Riscart J, Larrán-Escandón L, Mateo-Gavira I, Aguilar-Diosdado M. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Transgender People after Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy. J Clin Med. Sep 23 2023;12(19)doi:10.3390/jcm12196141
30. Cundill P. Hormone therapy for trans and gender diverse patients in the general practice setting. Australian Journal for General Practitioners. 06/19 2020;49:385-390.
31. Cheung AS, Wynne K, Erasmus J, Murray S, Zajac JD. Position statement on the hormonal management of adult transgender and gender diverse individuals. Med J Aust. 2019;211(3):127-133.
32. Moverley J, Loebner S, Carmona B, Vuu D. Considerations for Transgender People With Diabetes. Clinical Diabetes. 2021;39(4):389-396. doi:10.2337/cd21-0011
33. Milionis C, Ilias I, Venaki E, Koukkou E. Glucose Homeostasis, Diabetes Mellitus, and Gender-Affirming Treatment. Biomedicines. 2023;11(3):670.
34. Glintborg D, Rubin KH, Petersen TG, et al. Cardiovascular risk in Danish transgender persons: a matched historical cohort study. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2022;187(3):463-477. doi:10.1530/eje-22-0306
35. Austin F, Wright KE, Jackson B, Lin A, Schweizer K, Furzer BJ. A scoping review of trans and gender diverse children and adolescents’ experiences of physical activity, sport, and exercise participation. Mental Health and Physical Activity. 2024/03/01/ 2024;26:100576. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2024.100576
36. Lightner JS, Schneider J, Grimes A, et al. Physical activity among transgender individuals: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. PLOS ONE. 2024;19(2):e0297571. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297571
37. Haire BG, Brook E, Stoddart R, Simpson P. Trans and gender diverse people’s experiences of healthcare access in Australia: A qualitative study in people with complex needs. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(1):e0245889. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245889
38. Therapeutic Goods Administration. Notice of a final decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard. Department of Health: Australian Government. Accessed 26 December 2019, 2019. https://www.tga.gov.au/scheduling-decision-final/final-decisions-matters-referred-march-2019-joint-acms-accs-meeting
39. Ferreira PM, Nutt D. Regulating the oxides of nitrogen – popping the myths. Drug Science, Policy and Law. 2022/01/01 2022;8:20503245221085221. doi:10.1177/20503245221085221
40. Skerrit JaP, A. Need a Rush? Amyl nitrate is finally legal, but good luck getting it. Health, LGBTIQ, Medicine, Sexuality.
41. Ayoub C, Geske JB, Larsen CM, Scott CG, Klarich KW, Pellikka PA. Comparison of Valsalva Maneuver, Amyl Nitrite, and Exercise Echocardiography to Demonstrate Latent Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2017/12/15/ 2017;120(12):2265-2271. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.08.047
42. Marsh N, Marsh A. A Short History Of Nitroglycerine And Nitric Oxide In Pharmacology And Physiology. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 2000/04/10 2000;27(4):313-319. doi:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03240.x
43. Kilkenny MF, Dunstan L, Busingye D, et al. Knowledge of risk factors for diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD) is poor among individuals with risk factors for CVD. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(2):e0172941. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172941
44. Al Meslamani AZ. Underreporting of Adverse Drug Events: a Look into the Extent, Causes, and Potential Solutions. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 2023/05/04 2023;22(5):351-354. doi:10.1080/14740338.2023.2224558
45. Karlsson A, Price O, Peacock A. Recent use of amyl nitrite among people who regularly use ecstasy and other illicit stimulants in Adelaide, South Australia. 2021;
46. Vaccher S. Poppers can now be sold in pharmacies, but getting them might not be so easy,. Newroom UNSW. 29th April, 2024. Accessed 29th April, 2020. https://www.unsw.edu.au/newsroom/news/2020/02/poppers-can-now-be-sold-in-pharmacies-but-getting-them-might-not-be-so-easy
47. Li L, Zhang Y, Ma M, et al. Does erectile dysfunction predict cardiovascular risk? A cross-sectional study of clinical characteristics in patients with erectile dysfunction combined with coronary heart disease. Original Research. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2024-March-18 2024;11doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1341819
48. Diaconu CC, Manea M, Marcu DR, Socea B, Spinu AD, Bratu OG. The erectile dysfunction as a marker of cardiovascular disease: a review. Acta Cardiologica. 2020/07/03 2020;75(4):286-292. doi:10.1080/00015385.2019.1590498
49. Medland NA, Grulich AE. HIV diagnoses in Australia fall as clinicians embrace pre-exposure prophylaxis. Aust Prescr. Dec 2020;43(6):182-183. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2020.048
50. Noubissi EC, Katte J-C, Sobngwi E. Diabetes and HIV. Current Diabetes Reports. 2018/10/08 2018;18(11):125. doi:10.1007/s11892-018-1076-3
51. Kanyara L, Lel R, Kageha S, et al. Diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors among HIV infected patients on HAART. BMC Public Health. 2024/03/19 2024;24(1):846. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18265-8
52. Moawad MHED, Mohamed Shalaby MM, Hamouda E, et al. Risk of Stroke Among HIV Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Global Studies and Associated Comorbidities. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2024;95(5)
53. Sarkar S, Brown TT. Diabetes in People Living with HIV [Internet]. Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, de Herder WW, Dhatariya K, et al., editors. PubMed. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545886/
54. Daultrey H, Youseff E, Wright J, Davies K, Chakera AJ, Levett T. The investigation of diabetes in people living with HIV: A systematic review. Diabetic Medicine. 2021/04/01 2021;38(4):e14454. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14454
55. Bar Ziv O, Cahn A, Jansen T, et al. Diagnosis and Risk Factors of Prediabetes and Diabetes in People Living with HIV- Evaluation of Clinical and Microbiome Parameters. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2024; doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae167

p12-15 Diabetes & cancer – what are the risks?

1. Lega IC, Lipscombe LL. Review: Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer-Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. Endocr Rev. 2020;41(1).
2. Tsilidis KK, Kasimis JC, Lopez DS, Ntzani EE, Ioannidis JP. Type 2 diabetes and cancer: umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. BMJ. 2015;350:g7607.
3. Davies NM, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G. Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians. BMJ [Internet]. 2018 Jul 12;k601. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k601
4. Pearson-Stuttard J, Papadimitriou N, Markozannes G, Cividini S, Kakourou A, Gill D, et al. Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Observational and Mendelian Randomization Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2021;30(6):1218-28.
5. Sona MF, Myung SK, Park K, Jargalsaikhan G. Type 1 diabetes mellitus and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2018;48(5):426-33.
6. Kim DS, Scherer PE. Obesity, Diabetes, and Increased Cancer Progression. Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(6):799-812.
7. Yang K, Liu Z, Thong MSY, Doege D, Arndt V. Higher Incidence of Diabetes in Cancer Patients Compared to Cancer-Free Population Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(7).
8. Hwang JL, Weiss RE. Steroid-induced diabetes: a clinical and molecular approach to understanding and treatment. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014;30(2):96-102.
9. Azher S, Azami O, Amato C, McCullough M, Celentano A, Cirillo N. The Non-Conventional Effects of Glucocorticoids in Cancer. J Cell Physiol. 2016;231(11):2368-73.
10. Zylla D, Gilmore G, Eklund J, Richter S, Carlson A. Impact of diabetes and hyperglycemia on health care utilization, infection risk, and survival in patients with cancer receiving glucocorticoids with chemotherapy. J Diabetes Complications. 2019;33(4):335-9.
11. Nogueira E, Newsom-Davis T, Morganstein DL. Immunotherapy-induced endocrinopathies: assessment, management and monitoring. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2019;10:2042018819896182.
12. Hershey DS, Tipton J, Given B, Davis E. Perceived impact of cancer treatment on diabetes self-management. Diabetes Educ. 2012;38(6):779-90.
13. Janssen-Heijnen ML, Houterman S, Lemmens VE, Louwman MW, Maas HA, Coebergh JW. Prognostic impact of increasing age and co-morbidity in cancer patients: a population-based approach. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2005;55(3):231-40.
14. Vissers PA, Falzon L, van de Poll-Franse LV, Pouwer F, Thong MS. The impact of having both cancer and diabetes on patient-reported outcomes: a systematic review and directions for future research. J Cancer Surviv. 2016;10(2):406-15.
15. Barone BB, Yeh HC, Snyder CF, Peairs KS, Stein KB, Derr RL, et al. Long-term all-cause mortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300(23):2754-64.
16. Ranc K, Jørgensen ME, Friis S, Carstensen B. Mortality after cancer among patients with diabetes mellitus: effect of diabetes duration and treatment. Diabetologia. 2014;57(5):927-34.
17. van de Poll-Franse LV, Houterman S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Dercksen MW, Coebergh JW, Haak HR. Less aggressive treatment and worse overall survival in cancer patients with diabetes: a large population based analysis. Int J Cancer. 2007;120(9):1986-92.
18. Fleming ST, Pursley HG, Newman B, Pavlov D, Chen K. Comorbidity as a predictor of stage of illness for patients with breast cancer. Med Care. 2005;43(2):132-40.

p21-23 Is HIIT all it’s cracked up to be?

1. Kanaley JA, Colberg SR, Corcoran MH, et al. Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Feb 1 2022;54(2):353-368. doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002800
2. Health AIo, Welfare. Physical activity. 2023. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/physical-activity/physical-activity
3. Thompson WR. Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends for 2023. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal. 2023;27(1)
4. Coombes J, Turner G. Exercise Physiology and its Role in the Management of T2D. Diabetes Mangagement Journal. 2024;(February):16-18.
5. Umpierre D, Ribeiro PA, Schaan BD, Ribeiro JP. Volume of supervised exercise training impacts glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis. Diabetologia. Feb 2013;56(2):242-51. doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2774-z
6. Montero D, Walther G, Benamo E, Perez-Martin A, Vinet A. Effects of exercise training on arterial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. Nov 2013;43(11):1191-9. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0085-2
7. Heberle I, de Barcelos GT, Silveira LMP, Costa RR, Gerage AM, Delevatti RS. Effects of aerobic training with and without progression on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review with meta-analyses and meta-regressions. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Jan 2021;171:108581. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108581
8. Sabag A, Chang CR, Francois ME, et al. The Effect of Exercise on Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Aug 1 2023;55(8):1353-1365. doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003172
9. Mohammad Rahimi GR, Aminzadeh R, Azimkhani A, Saatchian V. The Effect of Exercise Interventions to Improve Psychosocial Aspects and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biol Res Nurs. Jan 2022;24(1):10-23. doi:10.1177/10998004211022849
10. Boulé NG, Kenny GP, Haddad E, Wells GA, Sigal RJ. Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. Aug 2003;46(8):1071-81. doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1160-2
11. Sabag A, Way KL, Sultana RN, et al. The Effect of a Novel Low-Volume Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Liver Fat in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care. Oct 2020;43(10):2371-2378. doi:10.2337/dc19-2523
12. Way KL, Sabag A, Sultana RN, et al. The effect of low-volume high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular health outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Cardiol. Dec 1 2020;320:148-154. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.06.019
13. Winding KM, Munch GW, Iepsen UW, Van Hall G, Pedersen BK, Mortensen SP. The effect on glycaemic control of low-volume high-intensity interval training versus endurance training in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. May 2018;20(5):1131-1139. doi:10.1111/dom.13198
14. Sabag A, Little JP, Johnson NA. Low-volume high-intensity interval training for cardiometabolic health. J Physiol. Mar 2022;600(5):1013-1026. doi:10.1113/jp281210
15. Cavalli NP, de Mello MB, Righi NC, Schuch FB, Signori LU, da Silva AMV. Effects of high-intensity interval training and its different protocols on lipid profile and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. J Sports Sci. Mar 26 2024:1-17. doi:10.1080/02640414.2024.2330232
16. Cassidy S, Thoma C, Hallsworth K, et al. High intensity intermittent exercise improves cardiac structure and function and reduces liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. Jan 2016;59(1):56-66. doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3741-2
17. Hordern MD, Dunstan DW, Prins JB, Baker MK, Singh MA, Coombes JS. Exercise prescription for patients with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes: a position statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia. J Sci Med Sport. Jan 2012;15(1):25-31. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.04.005
18. Khalafi M, Sakhaei MH, Kazeminasab F, Symonds ME, Rosenkranz SK. The impact of high-intensity interval training on vascular function in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:1046560. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.1046560
19. Sultana RN, Sabag A, Keating SE, Johnson NA. The Effect of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. Nov 2019;49(11):1687-1721. doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01167-w
20. de Mello MB, Righi NC, Schuch FB, Signori LU, da Silva AMV. Effect of high-intensity interval training protocols on VO(2)max and HbA1c level in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. Sep 2022;65(5):101586. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2021.101586
21. Leal JM, Galliano LM, Del Vecchio FB. Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training in Hypertensive Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep. Mar 3 2020;22(3):26. doi:10.1007/s11906-020-1030-z
22. Jung ME, Locke SR, Bourne JE, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness and accelerometer-determined physical activity following one year of free-living high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training: a randomized trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. Feb 26 2020;17(1):25. doi:10.1186/s12966-020-00933-8
23. Wewege MA, Ahn D, Yu J, Liou K, Keech A. High-Intensity Interval Training for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease-Is It Safe? A Systematic Review. J Am Heart Assoc. Nov 6 2018;7(21):e009305. doi:10.1161/jaha.118.009305
24. Marliss EB, Vranic M. Intense exercise has unique effects on both insulin release and its roles in glucoregulation: implications for diabetes. Diabetes. Feb 2002;51 Suppl 1:S271-83. doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.s271 https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/global-physical-activity-questionnaire
25. J Turner G, Quigg S, Davoren P, Basile R, McAuley SA, Coombes JS. Resources to Guide Exercise Specialists Managing Adults with Diabetes. Sports Med Open. Jun 3 2019;5(1):20. doi:10.1186/s40798-019-0192-1
26. World Health Organization. Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) [Internet]. www.who.int. 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/global-physical-activity-questionnaire
27. Jones H, George KP, Scott A, et al. Charter to establish clinical exercise physiology as a recognised allied health profession in the UK: a call to action. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2021;7(3):e001158. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001158

p24-27 When people with diabetes use complementary medicines

1. Yarash, T.; Sharif, I.; Masood, F.; Clifford, R. M.; Davis, W. A.; Davis, T. M. E., Complementary medicine use and its cost in Australians with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Internal medicine journal 2020, 50 (8), 944-950.
2. Spinks, J.; Hollingsworth, B.; Manderson, L.; Lin, V.; Canaway, R., Costs and drivers of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in people with type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. European Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013, 5 (1), 44-53.
3. Canaway, R.; Manderson, L., Complementary Therapy Use Among Australians with Type 2 Diabetes or Cardiovascular Disease. Alternative and Complementary Therapies 2013, 19 (1), 18-27.
4. Manya, K.; Champion, B.; Dunning, T., The use of complementary and alternative medicine among people living with diabetes in Sydney. BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2012, 12, 1-5.
5. Canaway, R.; Manderson, L., Quality of Life, Perceptions of Health and IIIness, and Complementary Therapy Use Among People with Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine 2013, 19 (11), 882-890.
6. Warren, N.; Canaway, R.; Unantenne, N.; Manderson, L., Taking control: Complementary and alternative medicine in diabetes and cardiovascular disease management. Health: 2013, 17 (4), 323-339.
7. Oorschot, T.; Adams, J.; Sibbritt, D., Is mental health co-morbidity an influencing factor in the health service utilisation of women with diabetes mellitus? Plos one 2022, 17 (8), e0272041.
8. Talking with your patients about Complementary Medicine -a Resource for Clinicians [Internet]. 2014. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/2018-03/complementary-medicine-resource-clinicians.pdf
9. Nahin, R. L.; Byrd-Clark, D.; Stussman, B. J.; Kalyanaraman, N., Disease severity is associated with the use of complementary medicine to treat or manage type-2 diabetes: data from the 2002 and 2007 National Health Interview Survey. BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2012, 12 (1), 1.
10. Adams, J.; McIntyre, E.; Steel, A.; Leung, B.; Leach, M.; Sibbritt, D., The utilisation of public and private health care among Australian women with diabetes: Findings from the 45 and Up Study. PloS one 2021, 16 (8), e0255573.
11. Yarash, T.; Sharif, I.; Masood, F.; Clifford, R. M.; Davis, W. A.; Davis, T. M., Complementary medicine use and its cost in Australians with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Internal medicine journal 2020, 50 (8), 944-950.
12. Canaway, R.; Manderson, L.; Oldenburg, B., Perceptions of benefit of complementary therapy use among people with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Forschende Komplementarmedizin (2006) 2014, 21 (1), 25-33.
13. Reid, R.; Steel, A.; Wardle, J.; Trubody, A.; Adams, J., Complementary medicine use by the Australian population: a critical mixed studies systematic review of utilisation, perceptions and factors associated with use. BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2016, 16, 1-23.
14. Lin, V.; Canaway, R.; Carter, B., Interface, interaction and integration: how people with chronic disease in Australia manage CAM and conventional medical services. Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy 2014, 18 (6), 2651-65.
15. Alzahrani, A. S.; Price, M. J.; Greenfield, S. M.; Paudyal, V., Global prevalence and types of complementary and alternative medicines use amongst adults with diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of clinical pharmacology 2021, 77, 1259-1274.
16. Grossman, L. D.; Roscoe, R.; Shack, A. R.; Committee, D. C. C. P. G. E., Complementary and alternative medicine for diabetes. Canadian journal of diabetes 2018, 42, S154-S161.
17. Thikekar, A. K.; Thomas, A. B.; Chitlange, S. S., Herb-drug interactions in diabetes mellitus: A review based on pre-clinical and clinical data. Phytother Res 2021, 35 (9), 4763-4781.
18. Gupta, R. C.; Chang, D.; Nammi, S.; Bensoussan, A.; Bilinski, K.; Roufogalis, B. D., Interactions between antidiabetic drugs and herbs: an overview of mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 2017, 9 (1), 59.
19. Rombolà, L.; Scuteri, D.; Marilisa, S.; Watanabe, C.; Morrone, L. A.; Bagetta, G.; Corasaniti, M. T., Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Herbal Medicines and Drugs: Their Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance. Life (Basel) 2020, 10 (7).
20. Gurley, B. J.; Swain, A.; Barone, G. W.; Williams, D. K.; Breen, P.; Yates, C. R.; Stuart, L. B.; Hubbard, M. A.; Tong, Y.; Cheboyina, S., Effect of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) and kava kava (Piper methysticum) supplementation on digoxin pharmacokinetics in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2007, 35 (2), 240-5.
21. Zhang, X. L.; Chen, M.; Zhu, L. L.; Zhou, Q., Therapeutic Risk and Benefits of Concomitantly Using Herbal Medicines and Conventional Medicines: From the Perspectives of Evidence Based on Randomized Controlled Trials and Clinical Risk Management. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017, 2017, 9296404.
22. Johne, A.; Brockmöller, J.; Bauer, S.; Maurer, A.; Langheinrich, M.; Roots, I., Pharmacokinetic interaction of digoxin with an herbal extract from St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999, 66 (4), 338-45.
23. Tan, C. S. S.; Lee, S. W. H., Warfarin and food, herbal or dietary supplement interactions: A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021, 87 (2), 352-374.
24. Jiang, X.; Blair, E. Y.; McLachlan, A. J., Investigation of the effects of herbal medicines on warfarin response in healthy subjects: a population pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modeling approach. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2006, 46 (11), 1370-1378.
25. Kim, Y.; Oh, Y. K.; Lee, J.; Kim, E., Could nutrient supplements provide additional glycemic control in diabetes management? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of as an add-on nutritional supplementation therapy. Archives of pharmacal research 2022, 45 (3), 185-204.
26. Gommans, Y. M.; Runhaar, J.; Jacobs, M. L.; Bierma-Zeinstra, S. M., The effect of prolonged glucosamine usage on HbA1c levels and new-onset diabetes mellitus in overweight and obese middle-aged women. The American Journal of Medicine 2017, 130 (6), 731-737. e6.
27. Vo, N. X.; Le, N. N. H.; Chu, T. D. P.; Pham, H. L.; Dinh, K. X. A.; Che, U. T. T.; Ngo, T. T. T.; Bui, T. T., Effectiveness and safety of glucosamine in osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Pharmacy 2023, 11 (4), 117.
28. Conrozier, T.; Lohse, T., Glucosamine as a Treatment for Osteoarthritis: What If It’s True? Frontiers in pharmacology 2022, 13, 820971.
29. Gibbs, A. J.; Gray, B.; Wallis, J. A.; Taylor, N. F.; Kemp, J. L.; Hunter, D. J.; Barton, C. J., Recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2023.
30. Ma, H.; Li, X.; Zhou, T.; Sun, D.; Liang, Z.; Li, Y.; Heianza, Y.; Qi, L., Glucosamine use, inflammation, and genetic susceptibility, and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in UK Biobank. Diabetes Care 2020, 43 (4), 719-725.
31. Xu, C.; Hou, Y.; Fang, X.; Yang, H.; Cao, Z., The role of type 2 diabetes in the association between habitual glucosamine use and dementia: a prospective cohort study. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2022, 14 (1), 184.
32. Menon, B. V.; Hashim, R.; Zainal, Z. A.; Kalusalingam, A.; Khan, A.; Siang, T. C., The Effect of Glucosamine With or Without Chondroitin Sulphate on Glucose Monitoring Parameters in Humans–A Systematic Review. Journal of Young Pharmacists 2021, 13 (1), 19.
33. Chang, C. H.; Tseng, P. T.; Chen, N. Y.; Lin, P. C.; Lin, P. Y.; Chang, J. P.; Kuo, F. Y.; Lin, J.; Wu, M. C.; Su, K. P., Safety and tolerability of prescription omega-3 fatty acids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids 2018, 129, 1-12.
34. Delpino, F. M.; Figueiredo, L. M.; da Silva, B. G. C.; da Silva, T. G.; Mintem, G. C.; Bielemann, R. M.; Gigante, D. P., Omega-3 supplementation and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 2022, 62 (16), 4435-4448.
35. Chang, J. P.-C.; Tseng, P.-T.; Zeng, B.-S.; Chang, C.-H.; Su, H.; Chou, P.-H.; Su, K.-P., Safety of supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition 2023.
36. Sarbolouki, S.; Javanbakht, M. H.; Derakhshanian, H.; Hosseinzadeh, P.; Zareei, M.; Hashemi, S. B.; Dorosty, A. R.; Eshraghian, M. R.; Djalali, M., Eicosapentaenoic acid improves insulin sensitivity and blood sugar in overweight type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a double-blind randomised clinical trial. Singapore Med J 2013, 54 (7), 387-90.
37. Pouwer, F.; Nijpels, G.; Beekman, A. T.; Dekkert, J. M.; van Dam, R. M.; Heine, R. J.; Snoek, F. J., Fat food for a bad mood. Could we treat and prevent depression in Type 2 diabetes by means of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids? A review of the evidence. Diabetic Medicine 2005, 22 (11), 1465-1475.
38. Elajami, T. K.; Alfaddagh, A.; Lakshminarayan, D.; Soliman, M.; Chandnani, M.; Welty, F. K., Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Attenuate Progression of Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of the American Heart Association 2017, 6 (7).
39. Miller, E. R., 3rd; Juraschek, S. P.; Anderson, C. A.; Guallar, E.; Henoch-Ryugo, K.; Charleston, J.; Turban, S.; Bennett, M. R.; Appel, L. J., The effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on biomarkers of kidney injury in adults with diabetes: results of the GO-FISH trial. Diabetes Care 2013, 36 (6), 1462-9.
40. Lin, N.; Shi, J.-J.; Li, Y.-M.; Zhang, X.-Y.; Chen, Y.; Calder, P. C.; Tang, L.-J., What is the impact of n-3 PUFAs on inflammation markers in Type 2 diabetic mellitus populations?: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids In Health And Disease 2016, 15, 133-133.
41. Rahimlou, M.; Asadi, M.; Jahromi, N. B.; Mansoori, A., Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation effect on glycemic and inflammatory biomarkers: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis. Clinical nutrition ESPEN 2019, 32, 16-28.
42. Abubaker, S. A.; Alonazy, A. M.; Abdulrahman, A.; Abubaker, S.; Alonazy, A.; Albasseet, A., Effect of alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy: a systematic review. Cureus 2022, 14 (6).
43. Frediani, J. K.; Lal, A. A.; Kim, E.; Leslie, S. L.; Boorman, D. W.; Singh, V., The role of diet and non‐pharmacologic supplements in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain: A systematic review. Pain Practice 2024, 24 (1), 186-210.
44. Dick, W. R.; Fletcher, E. A.; Shah, S. A., Reduction of fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c using oral Aloe vera: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2016, 22 (6), 450-457.
45. Gupta, R. C.; Chang, D.; Nammi, S.; Bensoussan, A.; Bilinski, K.; Roufogalis, B. D., Interactions between antidiabetic drugs and herbs: an overview of mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome 2017, 9, 1-12.
46. Sadoyu, S.; Rungruang, C.; Wattanavijitkul, T.; Sawangjit, R.; Thakkinstian, A.; Chaiyakunapruk, N., Aloe vera and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. Phytotherapy Research 2021, 35 (2), 555-576.
47. Guo, X.; Mei, N., Aloe vera: A review of toxicity and adverse clinical effects. Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews 2016, 34 (2), 77-96.
48. Gupta, R. C.; Chang, D.; Nammi, S.; Bensoussan, A.; Bilinski, K.; Roufogalis, B. D., Interactions between antidiabetic drugs and herbs: an overview of mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome 2017, 9, 59.
49. Hu, X. Y.; Wu, R. H.; Logue, M.; Blondel, C.; Lai, L. Y. W.; Stuart, B.; Flower, A.; Fei, Y. T.; Moore, M.; Shepherd, J.; Liu, J. P.; Lewith, G., Andrographis paniculata (Chuan Xin Lian) for symptomatic relief of acute respiratory tract infections in adults and children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017, 12 (8), e0181780.
50. Agarwal, R.; Sulaiman, S. A.; Mohamed, M., Open label clinical trial to study adverse effects and tolerance to dry powder of the aerial part of Andrographis paniculata in patients type 2 with diabetes mellitus. The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS 2005, 12 (1), 13.
51. Zhao, F.; Pan, D.; Wang, N.; Xia, H.; Zhang, H.; Wang, S.; Sun, G., Effect of chromium supplementation on blood glucose and lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biological trace element research 2022, 1-10.
52. John-Kalarickal, J.; Pearlman, G.; Carlson, H. E., New medications which decrease levothyroxine absorption. Thyroid 2007, 17 (8), 763-765.
53. Lamson, D. W.; Plaza, S. M., The safety and efficacy of high-dose chromium. Alternative medicine review: a journal of clinical therapeutic 2002, 7 (3), 218-35.
54. Allen, R. W., Cinnamon Use in Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Fam Med 2013, 452, 459.
55. Jamali, N.; Kazemi, A.; Saffari-Chaleshtori, J.; Samare-Najaf, M.; Mohammadi, V.; Clark, C. C., The effect of cinnamon supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2020, 55, 102571.
56. Jamali, N.; Jalali, M.; Saffari-Chaleshtori, J.; Samare-Najaf, M.; Samareh, A., Effect of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure and anthropometric parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 2020, 14 (2), 119-125.
57. Dugoua, J.-J.; Seely, D.; Perri, D.; Cooley, K.; Forelli, T.; Mills, E.; Koren, G., From type 2 diabetes to antioxidant activity: a systematic review of the safety and efficacy of common and cassia cinnamon bark. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology 2007, 85 (9), 837-847.
58. Wang, J.; Zhang, X.; Lan, H.; Wang, W., Effect of garlic supplement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food & nutrition research 2017, 61 (1), 1377571.
59. Foroozand, R.; Sabokroo, M.; Firouzi, A.; Mahalik, G.; Bouyahya, A.; Amiri-Ardekani, E., Clinical Trials on Role of Garlic (Allium sativum) in Managing Diabetes: Systematic Review. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 2023, 14 (2).
60. Zhu, J.; Chen, H.; Song, Z.; Wang, X.; Sun, Z., Effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018, 2018.
61. Ebrahimzadeh, A.; Ebrahimzadeh, A.; Mirghazanfari, S. M.; Hazrati, E.; Hadi, S.; Milajerdi, A., The effect of ginger supplementation on metabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 2022, 65, 102802.
62. Lakhan, S. E.; Ford, C. T.; Tepper, D., Zingiberaceae extracts for pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition journal 2015, 14 (1), 50.
63. Rafieian-Kopaei, M.; Nasri, H., The ameliorative effect of Zingiber officinale in diabetic nephropathy. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2014, 16 (5).
64. Marx, W. M.; Teleni, L.; McCarthy, A. L.; Vitetta, L.; McKavanagh, D.; Thomson, D.; Isenring, E., Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic literature review. Nutrition reviews 2013, 71 (4), 245-54.
65. Yu, J.; Song, P.; Perry, R.; Penfold, C.; Cooper, A. R., The effectiveness of green tea or green tea extract on insulin resistance and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal 2017, 41 (4), 251.
66. Asbaghi, O.; Fouladvand, F.; Gonzalez, M. J.; Aghamohammadi, V.; Choghakhori, R.; Abbasnezhad, A., Effect of green tea on anthropometric indices and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary medicine research 2021, 28 (3), 244-251.
67. Abe, S. K.; Inoue, M., Green tea and cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: A review of the current epidemiological evidence. European journal of clinical nutrition 2021, 75 (6), 865-876.
68. Oketch-Rabah, H. A.; Roe, A. L.; Rider, C. V.; Bonkovsky, H. L.; Giancaspro, G. I.; Navarro, V.; Paine, M. F.; Betz, J. M.; Marles, R. J.; Casper, S., United States Pharmacopeia (USP) comprehensive review of the hepatotoxicity of green tea extracts. Toxicology reports 2020, 7, 386-402.
69. Apaydin, E. A.; Maher, A. R.; Shanman, R.; Booth, M. S.; Miles, J. N.; Sorbero, M. E.; Hempel, S., A systematic review of St. John's wort for major depressive disorder. Systematic reviews 2016, 5 (1), 148.
70. Beckman, S. E.; Sommi, R. W.; Switzer, J., Consumer use of St. John's wort: a survey on effectiveness, safety, and tolerability. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 2000, 20 (5), 568-574.
71. Bolignano, D.; Cernaro, V.; Gembillo, G.; Baggetta, R.; Buemi, M.; D’Arrigo, G., Antioxidant agents for delaying diabetic kidney disease progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one 2017, 12 (6), e0178699.
72. Li, J.; Liu, Z.; Pu, Y.; Dai, H.; Peng, F., Association between dietary vitamin E intake and chronic kidney disease events in US adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2009–2016. Clinical Kidney Journal 2023, 16 (12), 2559-2566.
73. Traber, M. G.; Head, B., Vitamin E: How much is enough, too much and why! Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2021, 177, 212-225.
74. Jayawardena, R.; Ranasinghe, P.; Galappatthy, P.; Malkanthi, R.; Constantine, G.; Katulanda, P., Effects of zinc supplementation on diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome 2012, 4 (1), 13-13.
75. Capdor, J.; Foster, M.; Petocz, P.; Samman, S., Zinc and glycemic control: a meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled supplementation trials in humans. Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) 2013, 27 (2), 137-42.
76. Wang, X.; Wu, W.; Zheng, W.; Fang, X.; Chen, L.; Rink, L.; Min, J.; Wang, F., Zinc supplementation improves glycemic control for diabetes prevention and management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American journal of clinical nutrition 2019, 110 (1), 76-90.
77. Li, J.; Cao, D.; Huang, Y.; Chen, B.; Chen, Z.; Wang, R.; Dong, Q.; Wei, Q.; Liu, L., Zinc intakes and health outcomes: an umbrella review. Frontiers in nutrition 2022, 9, 798078.
78. Ghaedi, K.; Ghasempour, D.; Jowshan, M.; Zheng, M.; Ghobadi, S.; Jafari, A., Effect of zinc supplementation in the management of type 2 diabetes: A grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation-assessed, dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2023, 1-12.
79. Hunter, J.; Arentz, S.; Goldenberg, J.; Yang, G.; Beardsley, J.; Myers, S. P.; Mertz, D.; Leeder, S., Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ open 2021, 11 (11), e047474.
80. Xiang, M.; Pan, Z.; Hong, S.; Cao, G.; Feng, B., Association of dietary zinc consumption with periodontitis in diabetes mellitus patients: A cross-sectional study of national health and nutrition examination surveys database (2009–2014). Journal of Dental Sciences 2024, 19 (2), 952-960.
81. Pushparani, D. S., Zinc and type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis- a systematic review. Current Diabetes Reviews 2014, 10 (6), 397-401.
82. Mousavi, S. M.; Djafarian, K.; Mojtahed, A.; Varkaneh, H. K.; Shab-Bidar, S., The effect of zinc supplementation on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European journal of pharmacology 2018, 834, 10-16.
83. https://www.tga.gov.au/listed-medicines-containing-andrographis-paniculata-requiring-warning-statements
84. Stiles LI, Ferrao K, Mehta KJ. Role of zinc in health and disease. Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2024 Feb 17;24(1):38.

p28 – 31 Empathy over judgement – a call to address stigma in diabetes care

1. Speight J, Holmes-Truscott E, Garza M, Scibilia R, Wagner S, Kato A, et al. Bringing an end to diabetes stigma and discrimination: an international consensus statement on evidence and recommendations. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2024;12(1):61-82.
2. Davidsen E, Maindal HT, Rod MH, Olesen K, Byrne M, Damm P, et al. The stigma associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: A scoping review. eClinicalMedicine. 2022;52.
3. Akyirem S, Ekpor E, Abwoye DN, Batten J, Nelson LE. Type 2 diabetes stigma and its association with clinical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2023:110774.
4. Schabert J, Browne JL, Mosely K, Speight J. Social stigma in diabetes: A framework to understand a growing problem for an increasing epidemic. Patient. 2013;6(1):1-10.
5. Davidsen E, Maindal HT, Byrne M, Kelstrup L, Ovesen P, Damm P, et al. A qualitative investigation into the perceptions and experiences of the stigma attached to gestational diabetes mellitus among women in Denmark. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2023;203:110858.
6. Browne JL, Ventura A, Mosely K, Speight J. 'I call it the blame and shame disease': A qualitative study about perceptions of social stigma surrounding type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open. 2013;3(11).
7. Puhl RM, Himmelstein MS, Speight J. Weight Stigma and Diabetes Stigma: Implications for Weight-Related Health Behaviors in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Diabetes. 2022;40(1):51-61.
8. Puhl RM, Himmelstein MS, Hateley-Browne JL, Speight J. Weight stigma and diabetes stigma in U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes: Associations with diabetes self-care behaviors and perceptions of health care. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2020;168.
9. Liu NF, Brown AS, Younge MF, Guzman SJ, Close KL, Wood R. Stigma in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Clinical Diabetes. 2017;35(1):27-34.
10. Hansen UM, Olesen K, Willaing I. Diabetes stigma and its association with diabetes outcomes: a cross-sectional study of adults with type 1 diabetes. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. 2020;48(8):855-61.
11. Gredig D, Bartelsen-Raemy A. Diabetes-related stigma affects the quality of life of people living with diabetes mellitus in Switzerland: implications for healthcare providers. Health and Social Care in the Community. 2017;25(5):1620-33.
12. Browne JL, Ventura AD, Mosely K, Speight J. Measuring Type 1 diabetes stigma: development and validation of the Type 1 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-1). Diabetic Medicine. 2017;34(12):1773-82.
13. Browne JL, Ventura AD, Mosely K, Speight J. Measuring the stigma surrounding type 2 diabetes: Development and validation of the type 2 diabetes stigma assessment scale (DSAS-2). Diabetes Care. 2016;39(12):2141-8.
14. Nicolucci A, Kovacs Burns K, Holt RI, Comaschi M, Hermanns N, Ishii H, et al. Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs second study (DAWN2™): Cross‐national benchmarking of diabetes‐related psychosocial outcomes for people with diabetes. Diabetic medicine. 2013;30(7):767-77.
15. Ingram JA, Ohan JL, Bebbington K. Diabetes Stigma Predicts Higher HbA1c Levels in Australian Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Stigma and Health. 2022.
16. Brazeau AS, Nakhla M, Wright M, Henderson M, Panagiotopoulos C, Pacaud D, et al. Stigma and its association with glycemic control and hypoglycemia in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: Cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2018;20(4).
17. Hakkarainen P, Munir F, Moilanen L, Räsänen K, Hänninen V. Concealment of type 1 diabetes at work in Finland: a mixed-method study. BMJ open. 2018;8(1):e019764.
18. Kato A, Fujimaki Y, Fujimori S, Isogawa A, Onishi Y, Suzuki R, et al. Association between self-stigma and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care. 2016;4(1):1-7.
19. Crespo-Ramos G, Cumba-Avilés E, Quiles-Jiménez M. "They called me a terrorist": Social and Internalized Stigma in Latino Youth with Type 1 Diabetes. Health Psychol Rep. 2018;6(4):307-20.
20. Eitel KB, Roberts AJ, D’Agostino Jr R, Barrett CE, Bell RA, Bellatorre A, et al. Diabetes stigma and clinical outcomes in adolescents and young adults: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(4):811-8.
21. Lee SM, Lim LC, Koh D. Stigma among workers attending a hospital specialist diabetes clinic. Occupational Medicine. 2015;65(1):67-71.
22. Litterbach E, Holmes‐Truscott E, Pouwer F, Speight J, Hendrieckx C. 'I wish my health professionals understood that it's not just all about your HbA1c!'. Qualitative responses from the second Diabetes MILES–Australia (MILES‐2) study. Diabetic Medicine. 2020;37(6):971-81.
23. Starkman H, Fisher K, Pilek NL, Lopez-Henriquez G, Lynch L, Bilkins-Morgis BL. Listening to adolescents with uncontrolled diabetes, their parents and medical team. Families, Systems, & Health. 2019;37(1):30.
24. Browne JL, Ventura A, Mosely K, Speight J. ‘I call it the blame and shame disease’: a qualitative study about perceptions of social stigma surrounding type 2 diabetes. . BMJ Open. 2013;3(11):e003384.
25. Bennett BL, Puhl RM. Diabetes stigma and weight stigma among physicians treating type 2 diabetes: overlapping patterns of bias. Diabetes research and clinical practice. 2023;202:110827.
26. Beverly EA, Guseman EH, Jensen LL, Fredricks TR. Reducing the stigma of diabetes in medical education: A contact-based educational approach. Clinical Diabetes. 2019;37(2):108-15.
27. Himmelstein G, Bates D, Zhou L. Examination of stigmatizing language in the electronic health record. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5(1):e2144967-e.
28. Zilbermint M. Diabetes-related bias in electronic health records and international classification of diseases. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 2022;12(6):19.
29. Litterbach E, Speight J, Arampatzi C, Calyx C, Cherry JE, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, et al. “Almost seems like a finger-pointing type thing”: Exploring the Social Experiences of Women with Gestational Diabetes and Co-Designing a Measure of Gestational Diabetes Stigma. Australasian Society for Behavioural Health and Medicine (ASBHM), 7-9 Feb 2024, Adelaide2024.
30. Roesler A, Butten K, Calyx C, Holmes-Truscott E, Taylor P. Use and Preferences of Health Apps among Women and Healthcare Professionals Regarding GDM Postpartum Care Related to Diet, Physical Activity, and Weight Management: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Nutrients. 2023;15(15):3304.
31. Richardson C, Percy M, Hughes J. Nursing therapeutics: Teaching student nurses care, compassion and empathy. Nurse education today. 2015;35(5):e1-e5.
32. Riess H. The science of empathy. Journal of patient experience. 2017;4(2):74-7.
33. Kang ES, Di Genova T, Howick J, Gottesman R. Adding a dose of empathy to healthcare: What can healthcare systems do? Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice. 2022;28(3):475-82.
34. Barker M-E, Leach KT, Levett-Jones T. Patient's views of empathic and compassionate healthcare interactions: A scoping review. Nurse Education Today. 2023:105957.
35. Fogarty LA, Curbow BA, Wingard JR, McDonnell K, Somerfield MR. Can 40 seconds of compassion reduce patient anxiety? Journal of clinical oncology. 1999;17(1):371-9.
36. Howick J, Moscrop A, Mebius A, Fanshawe TR, Lewith G, Bishop FL, et al. Effects of empathic and positive communication in healthcare consultations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2018;111(7):240-52.
37. Trzeciak S, Mazzarelli A, Booker C. Compassionomics: The revolutionary scientific evidence that caring makes a difference: Studer Group Pensacola, FL; 2019.
38. Del Canale S, Louis DZ, Maio V, Wang X, Rossi G, Hojat M, et al. The relationship between physician empathy and disease complications: an empirical study of primary care physicians and their diabetic patients in Parma, Italy. Academic medicine. 2012;87(9):1243-9.
39. Hojat M, Louis DZ, Markham FW, Wender R, Rabinowitz C, Gonnella JS. Physicians' empathy and clinical outcomes for diabetic patients. Academic Medicine. 2011;86(3):359-64.
40. Levett-Jones T, Orr F, Simpson C, Dean S, Govind N, Jakimowicz S, et al. Cultivating empathy through the development of a virtual empathy museum. Collegian. 2022;29(2):137-40.
41. https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Language-Matters-Diabetes-Australia-Position-Statement.pdf

p32-34 Obesity pharmacotherapy and dietary recommendations

1. Pearce N. Medical Nutrition Therapy [Internet]. Obesity Canada. [cited 2024 Jun 25]. Available from: https://obesitycanada.ca/guidelines/nutrition.
2. Identifying patients at risk: ADA’s definitions for nutrition screening and nutrition assessment. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 1994 Aug;94(8):838–9.
3. 2023 Guideline for assessing and managing CVD risk and Australian CVD risk calculator | Heart Foundation [Internet]. Heartfoundation.org.au. 2023. Available from: https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/for-professionals/guideline-for-managing-cvd.
4. StackPath [Internet]. www.diabetesaustralia.com.au. Available from: https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/National-Evidence-Based-Guideline-for-the-Primary-Prevention-of-Type-2-Diabetes.pdf
5. Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, Garvey WT, Lau KHK, MacLeod J, et al. Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report. Diabetes Care [Internet]. 2019;42(5):731–54. Available from: https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/42/5/731
6. Freire R. Scientific evidence of diets for weight loss: different macronutrient composition, intermittent fasting and popular diets. Nutrition. 2019 Jul;69(110549).
7. Egan AM, Collins AL. Dynamic changes in energy expenditure in response to underfeeding: a review. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society [Internet]. 2022 May 1 [cited 2024 Apr 5];81(2):199–212. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/dynamic-changes-in-energy-expenditure-in-response-to-underfeeding-a-review/DBDADC073C7056204EE29143C09F9703
8. Barrea L, Salzano C, Pugliese G, Laudisio D, Frias-Toral E, Savastano S, et al. The challenge of weight loss maintenance in obesity: a review of the evidence on the best strategies available. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2022 Oct 17;1–17.
9. NHMRC. Australian Dietary Guidelines | NHMRC [Internet]. Nhmrc.gov.au. 2013. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/adg
10. National Health and Medical Research Council. Australian Guide to Healthy Eating [Internet]. Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. Department of Health and Aged Care; 2013. Available from: https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/guidelines/australian-guide-healthy-eating
11. National Health and Medical Research Council. Daily energy requirements calculator | Eat For Health [Internet]. Eatforhealth.gov.au. 2022. Available from: https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/nutrition-calculators/daily-energy-requirements-calculator
12. Yang H, Petersen GM, Roth MP, Schoenfield LJ, Marks JW. Risk factors for gallstone formation during rapid loss of weight. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 1992 Jun;37(6):912–8.
13. Kotrotsios A, Tasis N, Angelis S, Apostolopoulos AP, Vlasis K, Papadopoulos V, et al. Dietary Intake and Cholelithiasis: A Review. Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants. 2019;29(4):317–26.
14. Marciani L, Cox EF, Hoad CL, Totman JJ, Costigan C, Singh G, et al. Effects of various food ingredients on gall bladder emptying. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2013 Sep 18;67(11):1182–7
15. Douglas BR, Jansen JB, Tham RT, Lamers CB. Coffee stimulation of cholecystokinin release and gallbladder contraction in humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition [Internet]. 1990 Sep 1;52(3):553–6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2393014/
16. Asher RCZ, Burrows TL, Collins CE. Very low-energy diets for weight loss in adults: A review. Nutrition & Dietetics. 2012 Nov 20;70(2):101–12.
17. Gibson A, Franklin J, Pattinson A, Cheng Z, Samman S, Markovic T, et al. Comparison of Very Low Energy Diet Products Available in Australia and How to Tailor Them to Optimise Protein Content for Younger and Older Adult Men and Women. Healthcare. 2016 Sep 21;4(3):71.
18. Atlantis E, Sahebolamri M, Cheema BS, Williams K. Usefulness of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System for stratifying the presence and severity of weight‐related health problems in clinical and community settings: A rapid review of observational studies. Obesity Reviews. 2020 Aug 19;
19. Sharma AM, Kushner RF. A proposed clinical staging system for obesity. International Journal of Obesity. 2009 Feb 3;33(3):289–95.
20. Swaleh R, McGuckin T, Myroniuk TW, Manca D, Lee K, Sharma AM, et al. Using the Edmonton Obesity Staging System in the real world: a feasibility study based on cross-sectional data. CMAJ Open. 2021 Oct;9(4):E1141–8.
21. Sherson EA, Yakes Jimenez E, Katalanos N. A review of the use of the 5 A’s model for weight loss counselling: differences between physician practice and patient demand. Family Practice. 2014 Jun 2;31(4):389–98.
22. Wharton S, Lau DCW, Vallis M, Sharma AM, Biertho L, Campbell-Scherer D, et al. Obesity in adults: A clinical practice guideline. Canadian Medical Association Journal [Internet]. 2020 Aug 4;192(31):E875–91. Available from: https://www.cmaj.ca/content/192/31/E875
23. Wadden TA, Chao AM, Moore MB, Jena Shaw Tronieri, Iwamoto SJ, Amaro A, et al. The Role of Lifestyle Modification with Second-Generation Anti-obesity Medications: Comparisons, Questions, and Clinical Opportunities. Current Obesity Reports. 2023 Dec 2.
24. Dutta D, Nagendra L, Joshi A, Krishnasamy S, Sharma M, Parajuli N. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Post-bariatric Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obesity Surgery [Internet]. 2024 Mar 19 [cited 2024 Apr 11]; Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38502519/
25. Kim JE, O’Connor LE, Sands LP, Slebodnik MB, Campbell WW. Effects of dietary protein intake on body composition changes after weight loss in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition Reviews. 2016 Feb 16;74(3):210–24.
26. Mousa Khalafi, Symonds M, Aref Habibi Maleki, Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei, Mahsa Ehsanifar, Rosenkranz SK. Combined versus independent effects of exercise training and intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition Journal. 2024 Jan 6;23(1).
27. Bellicha A, Baak MA, Battista F, Beaulieu K, Blundell JE, Busetto L, et al. Effect of exercise training on weight loss, body composition changes, and weight maintenance in adults with overweight or obesity: An overview of 12 systematic reviews and 149 studies. Obesity Reviews [Internet]. 2021 May 6;22(S4). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8365736/
28. Sax Institute | Supporting smart decisions. Powered by research. [Internet]. https://www.saxinstitute.org.au/. 2024 [cited 2024 Jun 25]. Available from: https://www.saxinstitute.org.au/evidhttps://www.saxinstitute.org.au/evidence-check/dietary-patterns-cardiovascular-disease-outcomes/ence-check/dietary-patterns-cardiovascular-disease-outcomes/
29. National Health and Medical Research Council. Sodium [Internet]. Eatforhealth.gov.au. 2021. Available from: https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/nutrient-reference-values/nutrients/sodium.
30. Tavares L, Smaoui S, Pinilla CMB, Ben Hlima H, Lopes Barros H. Ginger: a systematic review of clinical trials and recent advances in encapsulation of its bioactive compounds. Food & Function. 2022;13(3):1078–91.

-- ENDS --